====== Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ======

Acute [[lymphoblastic leukemia]] (ALL) is a [[cancer]] of the lymphoid line of [[blood cell]]s characterized by the development of large numbers of immature [[lymphocyte]]s. Symptoms may include feeling tired, pale skin color, fever, easy bleeding or bruising, enlarged lymph nodes, or bone pain.
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[[Hydrocephalus]] is a rare [[complication]] of brain involving acute lymphoblastic [[leukemia]] (ALL). The standard treatment is [[ventriculoperitoneal shunt]]ing, while [[ventriculoatrial shunt]]ing is the second option in a case of VP shunt failure in young children. But the presence of port catheter at the right atrium restricts and makes a VA shunt difficult to place in the same atrium. We presented a 4-year-old boy who had the diagnoses of ALL and underwent chemotherapy through a port-a-cath. He also had hydrocephalus due to the brain invasion of the ALL. He firstly underwent VP shunting for the treatment of hydrocephalus, but it failed due to an intraabdominal cyst. Then, he underwent VA shunting through the left internal jugular vein. This is the first case in the literature showing both catheters in the right atrium
((Ezgu MC, Kural C, Guler S, Izci Y. Port-a-cath and ventriculoatrial shunt at
the same atrium: technical note. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019 Feb 6. doi:
10.1007/s00381-019-04079-2. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30726527.
)).

see [[Ommaya reservoir for acute lymphoblastic leukemia]].