====== 2005 ======

[[2004]]-[[2006]]

Since 2005, state-of-the-art therapy in [[glioblastoma multiforme]] consists of [[maximal safe resection]]  followed by combined [[radiotherapy]] and [[chemotherapy]] with [[temozolomide]], according to [[Stupp regimen]] 
((Stupp R, Dietrich PY, Ostermann Kraljevic S, et al.. Promising survival for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme treated with concomitant radiation plus temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(5):1375–1382. )).
((Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Gorlia T, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Cairncross JG, Eisenhauer E, Mirimanoff RO; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor and Radiotherapy
Groups; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96. PubMed PMID: 15758009.))
, particularly in patients that demonstrate [[MGMT promoter methylation]]. At recurrence there is no consensus as to the standard of care as no therapeutic options have produced substantial survival benefit
((Weller M, Cloughesy T, Perry JR, Wick W. Standards of care for treatment of
Glioblastoma recurrence--are we there yet? Neuro Oncol. 2013 Jan;15(1):4-27. doi: 
10.1093/neuonc/nos273. Epub 2012 Nov 7. Review. PubMed PMID: 23136223; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC3534423.
)).
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[[Onyx]] liquid embolic material in [[2005]].
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Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations ([[ARUBA]]) in [[2014]]
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In the early 1990's, endovascular treatment using embolic coils for the treatment of [[intracranial aneurysm]]s was established. Since then, there has been a significant body of peer-reviewed literature written by medical experts regarding the use, safety, and efficacy of these detachable embolic coils. With the publishing of the [[ISAT]] ([[Intracranial Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial]]) trial data in [[2005]], which compared clinical outcomes of neurosurgical clipping and endovascular coiling, embolic coiling became the preferred method for treatment of the majority of [[unruptured intracranial aneurysm]]s 
((Molyneux AJ, Kerr RS, Yu LM, Clarke M, Sneade M, Yarnold JA, Sandercock P;
International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group.
International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus
endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a
randomised comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding,
subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet. 2005 Sep 3-9;366(9488):809-17. PubMed 
PMID: 16139655.
)).
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[[Juha Hernesniemi]], published the [[lateral supraorbital craniotomy]]
((Hernesniemi J, Ishii K, Niemelä M, Smrcka M, Kivipelto L, Fujiki M, Shen H.
Lateral supraorbital approach as an alternative to the classical pterional
approach. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2005;94:17-21. PubMed PMID: 16060236.))
it avoids the approach through the [[sylvian fissure]] (SF) and irrespective of the SF anatomy approaches the aneurysms immediately [[subfrontal]]ly. The SF is only partially open. 
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The [[H index]] was suggested in [[2005]] by Jorge E. Hirsch, a physicist at UCSD, as a tool for determining theoretical physicists' relative quality and is sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.
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Since its introduction in [[1991]], the [[Marshall computed tomography classification]] has become largely accepted for its descriptive and predictive value. For example, the [[IMPACT]] ([[International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trial in TBI]]) prognostic model applies the Marshall CT score for 6-month outcome prediction in patients with moderate to severe TBI
((Steyerberg EW, Mushkudiani N, Perel P, et al. Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury: development and international validation of prognostic scores based on admission characteristics. PLoS Med. 2008;5 (8):e165.)).

The Marshall computed tomography classification was, however, not designed for outcome prediction, and in [[2005]], Maas et al
redesigned it for 6-month mortality prediction, resulting in the [[Rotterdam CT score]]
((Maas AI, Hukkelhoven CW, Marshall LF, Steyerberg EW. Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed tomographic character- istics: a comparison between the computed tomographic classification and combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery. 2005;57 (6):1173-1182; discussion 1173-1182.)).
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First World Congress of [[Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery]] held in [[2005]] in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania.
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[[WANS]] is a non-profit public benefit association and is established in October [[2005]] as an honor society to promote cooperation and camaraderie amongst world leaders of [[neurosurgery]], exchange of scientific knowledge and recognition of major contributors to the specialty.