====== 2004 ======


[[2003]]-[[2005]]

In [[2004]], the [[SpineAssist]] ([[Mazor Robotics]] Ltd., Caesarea, Israel) was the first [[robot]] approved by the [[FDA]] for use in [[spinal surgery]] and remained one of the most widely used
((Shweikeh F, Amadio JP, Arnell M, et al. [[Robotics]] and the spine: a review of current and ongoing applications. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;36:E10.)).
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The "isomorphic subtype of [[diffuse astrocytoma]]" was identified histologically in [[2004]] as a [[supratentorial]], highly differentiated [[glioma]] with low [[cellularity]], low proliferation and focal diffuse brain infiltration. Patients typically had [[seizure]]s since childhood and all were operated on as adults.
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The implementation of a universal [[surgical safety checklist]] [[protocol]] in [[2004]] was intended to minimize the prevalence of [[wrong site surgery]] (WSS). However, complete elimination of WSS in the [[operating room]] continues to be a challenge. 
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The [[Charité artificial disc]] went through revisions over 6 years, resulting in the SB Charité III, and the first clinical experience was published in [[1994]] using the final version of the SB Charité III (DePuy Spine Inc, Raynham, Massachusetts)
((Griffith SL, Shelokov AP, Büttner-Janz K, LeMaire JP, Zeegers WS. A multicenter retrospective study of the clinical results of the LINK SB Charité intervertebral prosthesis. The initial European experience. Spine. 1994;19(16):1842-
1849.)).

The clinical trial in the United States for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval began in [[2000]], and the device was cleared for use in [[2004]]. Since then, multiple other lumbar arthroplasty devices have been
developed and have become available in the United States and Europe
((Sandhu FA, Dowlati E, Garica R. Lumbar Arthroplasty: Past, Present, and
Future. Neurosurgery. 2020 Feb 1;86(2):155-169. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz439.
PubMed PMID: 31724719.)). 

The second generation of artificial disc design, ProDisc-L (Centinel Spine, West Chester, Pennsylvania), was granted FDA approval in [[2006]], followed by a third-generation artificial disc design, activL (Aesculap Implant Systems, Center Valley, Pennsylvania) in [[2015]].
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In a survey of United States Neurosurgical residency program directors in 2004, it was found that most programs (80.6%) use a training curriculum that is developed locally or from the Congress of Neurological Surgeons curriculum. The 6 ACGME-mandated general competency measurement for surveying residents’ education
were considered by the vast majority of neurosurgical program directors to be difficult to understand or to have no benefit, compared with existing training evaluation methods. 36.8% of the program directors think that the case experience methods used for assessment needed significant revision and 51% think it requires minor revision
((Lunsford LD, Kassam A, Chang YF. Survey of
United States neurosurgical residency program
directors. Neurosurgery. 2004;54:239-245.)).
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Neurospine (ISO abbreviated journal name, Neurospine), the official journal of ASIA SPINE, the [[Neurospinal Society of Japan]], [[Taiwan Neurosurgical Spine Society]], and the [[Korean Spinal Neurosurgery Society]], is an international [[peer review]]ed open-access [[journal]] which published quarterly (last day of March, June, September, and December). It was first published in March 31, [[2004]] with Volume 1 and Number 1 with the name “Korean Journal of Spine,” and renamed as “Neurospine” in March issue, [[2018]].
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The [[North American Clinical Trials Network]] (NACTN) for [[Spinal Cord Injury]] (SCI) is a [[consortium]] of tertiary medical centers that has maintained a prospective SCI registry since [[2004]], and has espoused that early surgical intervention is associated with improved outcome.