====== 1988 ======

[[1987]]-[[1989]]
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In [[1986]], Heros
((Heros RC: Lateral suboccipital approach for vertebral and
vertebrobasilar artery lesions. J Neurosurg 64:559–562,
1986))
introduced the [[far-lateral approach]] (FLA) for the management of the [[vertebral artery aneurysm]]s (VA), the vertebrobasilar junction, and the proximal basilar trunk and for arteriovenous malformations of the inferolateral cerebellum. 

In [[1988]], George et al. introduced the FLA for removal of lesions involving the anterior/anterolateral foramen magnum
((George B, Dematons C, Cophignon J: Lateral approach to
the anterior portion of the foramen magnum. Application to
surgical removal of 14 benign tumors: technical note. Surg
Neurol 29:484–490, 1988)).
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Wiltse and Spencer described the paraspinal approach for managing extra-foraminal discs in [[1988]].
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Al-Mefty et al., reported in [[1988]] thirteen patients harboring large [[petroclival meningioma]]s, there was no [[mortality]], and total removal was achieved in all but two patients. [[Morbidity]] included [[cranial nerve]] [[deficit]], [[pulmonary embolism]], and [[hemiparesis]]
((Al-Mefty O, Fox JL, Smith RR. Petrosal approach for petroclival meningiomas.
Neurosurgery. 1988 Mar;22(3):510-7. PubMed PMID: 3362317.)).