====== 1977 ======

[[1976]]-[[1978]]


The introduction of microsurgical techniques in [[1977]] and [[1978]] was introduced for spinal surgery by the work of the famous neurosurgeon Mahmut [[Gazi Yasargil]] 
((Yasargil MG. Microsurgical operation for herniated disc. In: Wüllenweber R, Brock M, Hamer J, et al., editors. Lumbar disc adult hydrocephalus. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1977. p. 81.))
and [[Wolfhard Caspar]] 
((Caspar W, Campbell B, Barbier DD, Kretschmmer R, Gotfried Y. The Caspar microsurgical discectomy and comparison with a conventional standard lumbar disc [[procedure]]. Neurosurgery. 1991;28:78–86. discussion 86-87.))
and so-called [[microdiscectomy]] was introduced and represented an important evolution in [[lumbar disc surgery]].
Williams has also described “[[microdiscectomy]]” in [[1978]]
((Williams RW. Micro[[lumbar discectomy]]: a conservative surgical approach to the virgin herniated [[lumbar disc]]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1978;3:175–82.)).
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Kendall and Logue first published a description of a [[spinal vascular malformation]] in [[1977]] with the novel recognition that these were actually not intradural sAVMs, but rather dural-based lesions with drainage into the previously not yet described coronal plexus of veins.
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In [[1977]], [[Twist drill craniostomy for chronic subdural hematoma]] was introduced. 
((Lee KS. How to Treat Chronic Subdural Hematoma? Past and Now. J Korean
Neurosurg Soc. 2019 Mar;62(2):144-152. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2018.0156. Epub 2018 Nov
30. PubMed PMID: 30486622; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6411568.
)).
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In [[1977]] Yamura and Makino coined the term “[[syndrome of the sunken skin flap]]” to describe the neurological symptoms due to a [[craniectomy]] defect
((Yamaura A, Makino H. Neurological deficits in the presence of the sinking skin flap
following decompressive craniectomy. (Tokyo) Neurol Med Chir 1977;17:43-53.)).
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The discovery of [[aciclovir]] was announced in [[1977]].
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The first major [[Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Grading]] scheme developed by Luessenhop and Gennarelli in [[1977]]
((Luessenhop AJ, Gennarelli TA. Anatomical grading
of [[supratentorial arteriovenous malformation]]s for
determining operability. Neurosurgery 1977;1(1):
30–5.)) 
formulated a grade from I to IV based on the number of feeding arteries for which it is standardized nomenclature.