====== 1961 ======

[[1960]]-[[1962]]

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[[Mannitol]] was introduced into clinical use in [[1961]] 
((Wise BL, Chater N: Use of hypertonic mannitol solutions to lower
cerebrospinal fluid pressure and decrease brain bulk in man. Surg
Forum 1961; 12:398–399)).
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[[Basilar bifurcation aneurysm]] were considered inoperable until [[Charles George Drake]] reported 4 cases in [[1961]]
((Drake CG. Bleeding Aneurysms of the Basilar Artery: Direct Surgical Management in Four Cases. J Neurosurg. 1961; 18:230–238))
, with larger series reported later
((Drake CG. Further Experience with Surgical Treat- ment of Aneurysms of the Basilar Artery. J Neurosurg. 1968; 29:372–392)).
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In [[1961]] Margolis et al. proved through [[autopsy]] sectioning of 4 fatal [[intracranial hematoma]]s that [[microarteriovenous malformation]]s could act as sources of [[hemorrhage]]
((MARGOLIS G, ODOM GL, WOODHALL B. Further experiences with small vascular
malformations as a cause of massive intracerebral bleeding. J Neuropathol Exp
Neurol. 1961 Jan;20:161-7. PubMed PMID: 13766688.
)).
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In [[1961]], Fairbanks-Barbosa was the first to report an [[infratemporal fossa]] (ITF) approach, indicated for advanced tumors of the [[maxillary sinus]]
((Barbosa JF. Surgery of extensive cancer of paranasal sinuses. Presentation of a new technique. Arch Otolaryngol. Feb 1961;73:129-38.)).
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Vidian neurectomy initially described by Golding-Wood in [[1961]], diminishes autonomic supply to the [[nasal cavity]] and reduces nasal [[secretion]]s.
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By [[1961]], a review of the literature  of cerebral [[hemispherectomy]] revealed 269 reported cases, with an operative mortality of 6.6%
((White HH: Cerebral hemispherectomy in the treatment of
infantile hemiplegia; review of the literature and report of
two cases. Confin Neurol 21:1–50, 1961)).
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The first independent International Neurosurgical Congress in 1961 in [[Washington]] D.C. The nominating proposed the slate for the next Congress and the coming four years. This slate was accepted unanimously with Paul C. Bucy as president and Bronson Ray as secretary.

The interim meeting was held in Copenhagen. Dr. James White, chairman of the program committee presented the following topics:

1) radioactivity and heavy radiation particles in neurosurgery,

2) re-evaluation of surgery in the treatment of pain,

3) space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system,

4) management of hydrocephalus and

5) biology and chemistry of the nervous system.

There was a closed television set with the operating room in the John Hopkins Hospital in [[Baltimore]]. Via a panel it was possible to discuss with the surgeons in Baltimore during the surgical [[procedure]].
On October 15, 1961, the president officially opened the Congress with the words, that this was the first independent Neurosurgical Congress. There was also a warm and wholeheartedly welcome from President John F. Kennedy.
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The [[Korean Neurosurgical Society]] (KNS) was established in March [[1961]], and it is the only neurosurgical scientific organization formed under the Korean Medical Service Law.
===== Publications =====

see [[1961 publications]].