Zdichavsky grading system [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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=====Zdichavsky grading system=====
[[The 2 mm increment classification system]] seems to be the most widely accepted method for determining [[pedicle screw placement]] accuracy. All grading systems were based on imaging alone without taking into account the direction of the breach or patient's symptoms
((Aoude AA, Fortin M, Figueiredo R, Jarzem P, Ouellet J, Weber MH. Methods to
determine pedicle screw placement accuracy in spine surgery: a systematic review.
Eur Spine J. 2015 May;24(5):990-1004. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-3853-x. Epub 2015
Mar 7. Review. PubMed PMID: 25749690.
)).

{{::zdichavsky1a.jpg?200|}}

Zdichavsky grading system IA: ≥ 50% of pedicle screw diameter (PSD) within the pedicle & ≥ 50% of PSD within the vertebral body 

{{::zdichavsky1b.jpg?200|}}

IB: > 50% of PSD lateral outside the pedicle & > 50% of PSD within the vertebral body 

{{::zdichavsky2a.jpg?200|}}

IIA: ≥ 50% of PSD within the pedicle & > 50% of PSD lateral outside the vertebral body 

{{::zdichavsky2b.jpg?200|}}

IIB: ≥ 50% of PSD within the pedicle & tip of PS crossing the middle line of the vertebral body

{{::zdichavsky3a.jpg?200|}} 

IIIA: >50% of PSD lateral outside the pedicle & >50% of PSD lateral outside the vertebral body

{{::zdichavsky3b.jpg?200|}} 

IIIB: >50% of PSD medial outside the pedicle & tip of PS crossing midline of the vertebral body
((Zdichavsky M, Blauth M, Knop C, Graessner M, Herrmann H, Krettek C, et al. Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Placement in Thoracic Spine Fractures: Part I: Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability of the Scoring System. Eur J Trauma. 2004;30:234–40.))
((Zdichavsky M, Blauth M, Knop C, Lotz J, Krettek C, Bastian L. Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Placement in Thoracic Spine Fractures: Part II: A Retrospective Analysis of 278 Pedicle Screws Using Computed Tomographic Scans. Eur J Trauma. 2004;30:241–7.))