🧠 Ventricular Catheter Placement

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====== 🧠 Ventricular Catheter Placement – Complications ======

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[[Ventricular catheter misplacement]].



===== ✅ 1. Mechanical Complications =====
  * **[[Misplacement]] / [[Malposition]]**
    * Catheter tip outside the ventricle (e.g., into brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space).
    * Incorrect trajectory, e.g., not near the foramen of Monro.
  * **Obstruction / Occlusion**
    * Caused by blood clots, choroid plexus, or debris.
  * **Fracture or Disconnection** (especially in VP shunts).
  * **Catheter Migration or Retraction**
  * **Overdrainage**
    * Slit ventricle syndrome.
    * Subdural hematomas.



===== ✅ 2. Hemorrhagic Complications =====
  * Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (along catheter tract).
  * Intraventricular hemorrhage.
  * Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  * Epidural or subdural hematomas (rare).



===== ✅ 3. Infectious Complications =====
  * Meningitis.
  * Ventriculitis.
  * Shunt infection (common organisms: *Staphylococcus epidermidis*).
  * Peritonitis (from infected distal catheter in VP shunts).



===== ✅ 4. CSF-Related Complications =====
  * CSF leak at insertion site.
  * Pseudomeningocele.
  * Tension pneumocephalus (from air introduced during insertion).
  * Persistent hydrocephalus (insufficient drainage).



===== ✅ 5. Neurological Complications =====
  * Seizures (due to hemorrhage or cortical irritation).
  * New focal neurological deficits (due to misplacement or edema).