Venous air embolism (VAE) [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Venous air embolism (VAE) ======

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Venous [[air embolism]] (VAE) refers to the presence of air or gas within the [[venous system]], which can be potentially life-threatening. 
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===== Etiology =====

Venous air embolism is a predominantly iatrogenic complication that occurs when atmospheric gas is introduced into the systemic venous system.

===== Risk factors =====

[[Venous air embolism risk factors]].

===== Complications =====
[[Air]] is entrained in the [[vein]] and can become trapped in the right atrium of the heart, which may impair venous return, causing [[hypotension]]. May also produce cardiac [[arrhythmia]]s. Paradoxical [[air embolism]] can occur in the presence of a patent [[foramen ovale]]
((Black S, Cucchiara RF, Nishimura RA, et al. Parameters Affecting Occurrence of Paradoxical Air Embolism. Anesthesiology. 1989; 71:235–241)) 
or pulmonary AV fistula, and may produce ischemic [[cerebral infarction]].




===== Prevention =====

[[Venous air embolism prevention]].
===== Monitoring =====

[[Venous air embolism monitoring]].

===== Case reports =====

[[Venous air embolism case reports]].