Tyrosine hydroxylase [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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=====Tyrosine hydroxylase=====
Energy homeostasis, food intake, and body weight are regulated by specific brain circuits. 

Data support the view that [[arcuate nucleus]] (ARC) [[tyrosine hydroxylase]] (TH) cells play an unrecognized and influential positive role in energy homeostasis
((Zhang X, van den Pol AN. Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus tyrosine hydroxylase
neurons play orexigenic role in energy homeostasis. Nat Neurosci. 2016 Aug 22.
doi: 10.1038/nn.4372. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27548245.
)).
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Cai et al., demonstrated that basic [[fibroblast growth factor]] (bFGF), as a neurotropic factor, inhibited Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neuronal cell [[apoptosis]] and that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced ER stress was involved in the progression of [[Parkinson's disease]] (PD) in rats. bFGF administration improved motor function recovery, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron survival, and upregulated the levels of [[neurotransmitter]]s in PD rats. 

The 6-OHDA-induced ER stress response proteins were inhibited by bFGF treatment. Meanwhile, bFGF also increased expression of TH. The administration of bFGF activated the downstream signals PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 pathways by specific inhibitors partially reduced the protective effect of bFGF. This study provides new insight towards bFGF translational drug development for PD involving the regulation of ER stress
((Cai P, Ye J, Zhu J, Liu D, Chen D, Wei X, Johnson NR, Wang Z, Zhang H, Cao G, 
Xiao J, Ye J, Lin L. Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress is Involved in
the Neuroprotective Effect of bFGF in the 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease
Model. Aging Dis. 2016 Jan 17;7(4):336-449. doi: 10.14336/AD.2016.0117.
eCollection 2016 Aug. PubMed PMID: 27493838; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4963188.
)).