two-dimensional [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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The term "two-[[dimensional]]" (2D) refers to a geometric or graphical representation that exists within two dimensions: length and width. In a two-dimensional space, objects can be measured along two axes, typically represented as the x-axis (horizontal) and the y-axis (vertical). This contrasts with three-dimensional (3D) space, which includes an additional dimension, depth.

In the context of various fields, "two-dimensional" can have different meanings:

Art and Design: In visual arts, a 2D drawing or image is typically flat and lacks the perception of depth. Examples include paintings, drawings, and photographs.

Computer Graphics: In computer graphics, 2D refers to images and graphics that are created and manipulated on a plane. This includes graphics for user interfaces, icons, and sprites in video games.

Mathematics: In mathematics, a coordinate system with two axes (x and y) is used to represent points in a 2D plane. The coordinates of a point are typically written as (x, y).

Physics: Two-dimensional models are often used for simplifying physical problems. For example, projectile motion can be analyzed in a 2D plane neglecting air resistance.

Materials Science: In the context of materials, 2D materials refer to substances that are one or two atoms thick. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is an example of a 2D material.

Understanding two-dimensional concepts is fundamental in various disciplines and is a crucial building block for more complex ideas in fields like physics, computer science, and engineering.
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Traditionally, surgeons relied on two-[[dimensional]] (2D) imaging for complex [[neuroanatomy]] analyses, requiring significant [[mental visualization]]. Fortunately, nowadays advanced [[technology]] enables the creation of detailed [[3D model]]s from patient scans, utilizing different [[software]]. Afterward, these models can be experienced through [[virtual reality]] (VR) [[system]]s, offering [[comprehensive]] [[preoperative rehearsal]] opportunities. Additionally, 3D models can be 3D [[print]]ed for [[hands-on training]], therefore enhancing surgical preparedness. This technological integration transforms the [[paradigm]] of [[neurosurgical planning]], ensuring safer [[procedure]]s
((González-López P, Kuptsov A, Gómez-Revuelta C, Fernández-Villa J, Abarca-Olivas J, Daniel RT, Meling TR, Nieto-Navarro J. The Integration of [[3D]] Virtual Reality]] and [[3D Printing]] Technology as Innovative Approaches to [[Preoperative Planning]] in Neuro-Oncology. J Pers Med. 2024 Feb 7;14(2):187. doi: 10.3390/jpm14020187. PMID: 38392620.)).