Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology ======


[[Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage]], is the most common cause of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]] (SAH), and occurs in ~35% (range 11-60%) of traumatic brain injuries
((Wu Z, Li S, Lei J, An D, Haacke EM. Evaluation of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage using susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Aug;31(7):1302-10. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2022. Epub 2010 Feb 25. PMID: 20190211; PMCID: PMC3940156.)).

It has been reported in up to 60% of patients who have sustained a [[traumatic brain injury]] (TBI) 
((Zurynski YA, Dorsch NW. A review of cerebral vasospasm. Part IV. Post-traumatic vasospasm. J Clin Neurosci. 1998;146(2):146–54.))
((Mattioli C, Beretta L, Gerevini S, Veglia F, Citerio G, Cormio M, et al. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the computerized tomography scan obtained at admission: a multicenter assessment of the accuracy of diagnosis and the potential impact on patient outcome. J Neurosurg. 2003;98(1):37–42.))
((Eisenberg HM, Gary HE, Jr, Aldrich EF, Saydjari C, Turner B, Foulkes MA, et al. Initial CT findings in 753 patients with severe head injury. A report from the NIH Traumatic Coma Data Bank. J Neurosurg. 1990;73(5):688–98.))
((Kakarieka A, Schakel EH, Fritze J. Clinical experiences with nimodipine in cerebral ischemia. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1994;43:13–21.))
((Morris GF, Bullock R, Marshall SB, Marmarou A, Maas A, Marshall LF. Failure of the competitive N-methyl-Daspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: results of two phase III clinical trials. The Selfotel Investigators. J Neurosurg. 1999;91(5):737–43.)).
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It is the second most common acute [[brain injury]] finding on [[computed tomography]] (CT) in [[traumatic brain injury]] (TBI) patients
((Levy AS, Orlando A, Hawkes AP, Salottolo K, Mains CW, Bar-Or D. Should the management of isolated traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage differ from concussion in the setting of mild traumatic brain injury? J Trauma. 2011;71(5):1199–1204. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31822067fc)).