Transfusion [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Transfusion ======

There are three primary blood products that are often transfused in [[traumatic brain injury]]: [[packed red blood cells]] (pRBCs), [[platelet]]s, and [[plasma]]. 


For pRBCs, [[hemoglobin]] thresholds for transfusion in [[anemia]] should be set at 7 g/dl. 

Higher threshold is warranted only when the patient is clinically symptomatic. 
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For platelets, transfusion thresholds should be at least 50,000/mm(3) for patients without and 100,000/mm(3) for patients with evidence of [[hemorrhage]]. Reversal of antiplatelet therapy with [[platelet transfusion]] is advisable only in patients with active bleeding. Tests for platelet function are helpful in determining an adequate platelet transfusion in these situations. 

[[Fresh frozen plasma]] transfusion for correction of [[warfarin]]-induced [[coagulopathy]] is also advisable in patients with active bleeding. If available, activated [[factor VII]] can be used in refractory cases. [[Prothrombin complex concentrate]]s are also another alternative in refractory situations. Transfusion goals for patients with evidence of hemorrhage should be an [[International Normalized Ratio]] of 1.3 or less
((Reddy GD, Gopinath S, Robertson CS. Transfusion in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2015 Nov;17(11):46. doi: 10.1007/s11940-015-0379-9.
PubMed PMID: 26407615.
)).

see [[Prophylactic plasma transfusion]].

===== Red Blood Cell Transfusion =====
[[Red Blood Cell Transfusion]].

===== Plasma transfusion =====
[[Plasma transfusion]].