Tissue engineering [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Tissue engineering ======
 
Tissue [[engineering]] is a [[biomedical engineering]] discipline that uses a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of biological tissues.
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Biological aspects require that the material used be non-toxic, non-irritating, non-carcinogenic, and [[biocompatible]] 
((Rokaya D, Srimaneepong V, Sapkota J, Qin J, Siraleartmukul K, Siriwongrungson V. Polymeric materials and films in dentistry: An overview. J Adv Res. 2018 May 3;14:25-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.001. PMID: 30364755; PMCID: PMC6198729.))
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The utilization of [[epidermal stem cell]]s  for [[wound healing]] and [[tissue regeneration]] has been attracting increased attention from researchers. In addition, the advances in [[tissue engineering]] have increased the interest in applying EPSCs in tissue-engineered [[scaffold]]s to further reconstitute injured tissues
((Yang R, Yang S, Zhao J, Hu X, Chen X, Wang J, Xie J, Xiong K. Progress in studies of epidermal stem cells and their application in skin tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020 Jul 22;11(1):303. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01796-3. Erratum in: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 May 5;13(1):183. PMID: 32698863; PMCID: PMC7374856.))
((Yang R, Yang S, Zhao J, Hu X, Chen X, Wang J, Xie J, Xiong K. Correction to: Progress in studies of epidermal stem cells and their application in skin tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 May 5;13(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02868-2. Erratum for: Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020 Jul 22;11(1):303. PMID: 35513828.)).
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A high-throughput cell-assembly method, with the advantages of adjustability, ease of operation, and good precision, is remarkable for artificial tissue engineering. Here, we present a scientific solution by introducing high rotational symmetrical coherent acoustic waves, in order to enable the shape and arrangement of the acoustic potential wells to be flexibly modulated, and therefore to assemble on a large area diverse biomimetic arrays on a microfluidic platform. Ring arrays, honeycomb, and many other biomimetic arrays are achieved by real-time modulation of the wave vectors and phase relation of acoustic beams from six directions. In the experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), arranged in ring structures, tend to connect with the adjacent cells and reach confluency, thus directing the in vitro two-dimensional vascular network formation. Higher rotational symmetry of the six coherent acoustic waves provides much more flexibility and diversity for acoustic cell assembly. With the advantages of efficiency, diversity and adjustability, this acoustic chip is expected to fulfill many applications, such as in biochemistry, bioprinting and tissue engineering related research
((Hu X, Zhu J, Zuo Y, et al. Versatile biomimetic array assembly by phase modulation of coherent acoustic waves [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 16]. Lab Chip. 2020;10.1039/d0lc00779j. doi:10.1039/d0lc00779j)).

see [[intervertebral disc tissue engineering]].