Thromboxane [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Thromboxane ======

Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. The two major thromboxanes are [[thromboxane A2]] and thromboxane B2. The distinguishing feature of thromboxanes is a 6-membered ether-containing ring. Thromboxane is named for its role in clot formation.
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The anti-inflammatory properties of [[NSAID]]s are primarily due to inhibition of the enzyme [[cyclooxygenase]] (COX) which participates in the synthesis of [[prostaglandin]]s and [[thromboxane]]s
((Celecoxib for Arthritis. Med Letter. 1999; 41:11–12))
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Fish Oil (Omega-3 Fatty Acids) is used for the treatment of [[dyslipidemia]] and [[hypertriglyceridemia]].
Fish oil may affect platelet aggregation by a reduction in [[arachidonic acid]] and [[thromboxane]]
and [[adenosine diphosphate receptor]] blockade. Fish oil may also potentially lengthen bleeding times
((Goodnight SH, Jr, Harris WS, Connor WE. The effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composi- tion and function in man: a prospective, controlled study. Blood. 1981; 58:880–885))
((Ang-Lee MK, Moss J, Yuan CS. Herbal medicines and perioperative care. JAMA. 2001; 286:208–216))
((Stanger MJ, Thompson LA, Young AJ, et al. Anticoagulant activity of select dietary supplements. Nutr Rev. 2012; 70:107–117)).
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Garlic (Allium sativum): purported benefits include lowering blood pressure, preventing infection and myocardial infarction, and treating [[hypercholesterolemia]]. Garlic has an antiplatelet effect through [[ADP]] receptor blockade, and reducing calcium and [[thromboxane]]
((Allison GL, Lowe GM, Rahman K. Aged garlic extract and its constituents inhibit platelet aggregation through multiple mechanisms. J Nutr. 2006; 136: 782S–788S)).
Garlic may potentiate the antiplatelet or anticoagulant effect of [[aspirin]] or [[warfarin]]
((Saw JT, Bahari MB, Ang HH, et al. Potential drug-herb interaction with antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2006; 12:236–241)).
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[[Ginseng]] (Panax ginseng) has [[antiplatelet]] activity through [[thromboxane]] inhibition and platelet-activating factor
((Teng CM, Kuo SC, Ko FN, et al. Antiplatelet actions of panaxynol and ginsenosides isolated from gin- seng. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989; 990:315–320)).

Some authors also advocate cautious use of ginger and vitamin E when planning a surgery, but the exact antiplatelet mechanism is unclear
((Stanger MJ, Thompson LA, Young AJ, et al. Anticoagulant activity of select dietary supplements. Nutr Rev. 2012; 70:107–117)).