Show pageBacklinksCite current pageExport to PDFBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== Syndromic Craniosynostosis Diagnosis ====== Diagnosing [[syndromic craniosynostosis]] is a multidisciplinary process that integrates clinical assessment, radiological findings, and genetic testing. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding management and anticipating complications. ==== Clinical Evaluation ==== A detailed clinical history and physical examination are the foundation of diagnosis. Key clinical features include: Multisuture craniosynostosis – as opposed to isolated sagittal or coronal fusion Craniofacial anomalies – such as midface hypoplasia, orbital hypertelorism, or beaked nose Limb anomalies – syndactyly (especially in [[Apert Syndrome]]) Airway abnormalities – snoring, apneas, stridor Developmental delay – variable depending on the syndrome Family history – may suggest autosomal dominant inheritance ==== Radiological Assessment ==== Imaging plays a central role in confirming suture fusion and identifying associated malformations: [[CT]] scan with 3D reconstruction – gold standard for evaluating suture fusion patterns and skull morphology [[MRI]] – assesses brain development and associated conditions like [[Chiari Malformation]], [[Hydrocephalus]], or [[Skull Base Anomaly]] Lateral skull X-ray – may provide initial clues in neonates Key features to assess include: Shape of the cranial vault Patency of cranial sutures Volume of posterior fossa Presence of [[Platybasia]], [[Basilar Invagination]], or other [[Craniovertebral Junction]] anomalies ==== Genetic Testing ==== Molecular confirmation is essential to distinguish between syndromic and non-syndromic forms: Targeted gene panels or whole-exome sequencing Common mutations involve FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, and others Syndromic forms often have known gene associations: [[Crouzon Syndrome]] → FGFR2 [[Pfeiffer Syndrome]] → FGFR1 / FGFR2 [[Apert Syndrome]] → FGFR2 [[Saethre Chotzen Syndrome]] → TWIST1 Genetic counseling is recommended for affected families. ==== Multidisciplinary Team Involvement ==== Diagnosis and follow-up should involve: [[Neurosurgery]] [[Craniofacial surgery]] [[Clinical genetics]] [[Pediatrics]] [[Otolaryngology]], [[Ophthalmology]], and [[Pulmonology]] as needed syndromic_craniosynostosis_diagnosis.txt Last modified: 2025/04/11 22:07by 127.0.0.1