Shock treatment [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Shock treatment ======

[[Shock]] treatment revolves around controlling loss of fluid and blood, replacing what’s been lost, and stabilizing damage that both caused and resulted from the [[hypovolemic shock]]. This will also include treating the injury or illness that caused the shock, if possible.

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[[Antibiotic]]s may be administered to prevent [[septic shock]] and bacterial infections.

Close cardiac monitoring will determine the effectiveness of the treatment you receive.

===== Cardiovascular agents for shock =====

see  [[Volume expansion]]

These include:

[[Blood]] [[plasma]] [[transfusion]]

[[Platelet]] transfusion

[[Red blood cell]] transfusion

[[Intravenous]] [[crystalloid]]s
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[[Plasma expander]]s. Includes:

1. [[crystalloid]]s: normal saline has less tendency to promote cerebral edema than others;  under control of elevated ICP 

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2. [[colloid]]s: e.g. [[hetastarch]] (Hespan®). ✖ CAUTION: repeated administration over a period of days
may prolong PT/PTT and [[clotting time]]s and may increase the risk of rebleeding in aneurysmal SAH 
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3. blood products: expensive. Risk of transmissible diseases or transfusion reaction
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Medications that increase the heart’s pumping strength to improve circulation and get blood where it’s needed:

[[Dopamine]]

[[Dobutamine]]

[[Epinephrine]]

[[Norepinephrine]]

[[Amrinone]]

[[Phenylephrine]]

[[Norepinephrine]]

[[Epinephrine]]

[[Isoproterenol]]

[[Levophed]]