Screw instrumentation [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Screw instrumentation ======

An understanding of fundamental [[biomechanical principles]] of the [[spine]] and [[fixation]] strategies is essential to avoid unnecessary subsequent [[failure]]s.

Several [[implant]] devices are used for this purpose. The use of [[pedicle screw]]s in [[spinal stabilization]] has gradually and dramatically increased 
((Gaines RW., Jr The use of pedicle-screw internal fixation for the operative treatment of spinal disorders. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82:1458–1476.))
((Aebi M, Thalgott JS, Webb JK. Modular stabilization system: the universal spine system. In: Aebi M, Thalgott JS, Webb JK, editors. AO ASIF principles in spine surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1998. pp. 123–196.)).

With improved fixation techniques, surgeons have attempted to limit the use of extra autogenous bone graft to avoid making a separate incision over the iliac crest. Allograft and synthetic bone have been used with pedicle-screw-based constructs, with greater or lesser success depending on the pathology and the host-related variables
((Gibson JN, Grant IC, Waddell G. The Cochrane review of surgery for lumbar disc prolapse and degenerative lumbar spondylosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1999;24:1820–1832.))
((Suk SI, Lee CK, Kim WJ, Lee JH, Cho KJ, Kim HG. Adding posterior lumbar interbody fusion to pedicle screw fixation and posterolateral fusion after decompression in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997;22:210–219.)).

see [[Cervical lateral mass screw fixation]].

[[Cortical bone trajectory screw fixation]]

see [[Screw]].

see [[Fixation]].

see [[Lumbar Transfacet Screw Fixation]].

see [[Iliac screw fixation]].

see [[Anterior odontoid screw fixation]].

see [[Occipitocervical fixation]].

see [[Pedicle screw]].

see [[Translaminar screw fixation]].