pp2c [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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Molecular cloning studies have revealed the primary structure of plant protein serine/threonine phosphatases. Two structurally distinct families, the PP1/PP2A family and the PP2C family, are present in plants as well as in animals. This review will focus on the plant PP2C family of protein phosphatases. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis have identified PP2C enzymes as key players in plant signal transduction processes. For instance, the ABI1/ABI2 PP2Cs are central components in abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction. Arabidopsis mutants containing a single amino acid exchange in ABI1 or ABI2 show a reduced response to ABA. Another member of the PP2C family, kinase-associated protein phosphatase (KAPP), appears to be an important element in some receptor-like kinase (RLK) signalling pathways. Finally, an alfalfa PP2C acts as a negative regulator of a plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Thus, the plant PP2Cs function as regulators of various signal transduction pathways
((Rodriguez PL. Protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) function in higher plants. Plant
Mol Biol. 1998 Dec;38(6):919-27. Review. PubMed PMID: 9869399.
)).
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PP2C family members are known to be negative [[regulator]]s of [[cell stress response]] pathways. The expression of this gene is induced in a [[p53]]-dependent manner in response to various environmental stresses. While being induced by [[tumor suppressor]] protein [[TP53]]/p53, this phosphatase negatively regulates the activity of [[p38]] [[MAP kinase]] ([[MAPK]]/p38) through which it reduces the phosphorylation of p53, and in turn suppresses p53-mediated transcription and [[apoptosis]]. This [[phosphatase]] thus mediates a feedback regulation of [[p38]]-p53 signaling that contributes to growth inhibition and the suppression of stress induced apoptosis. This gene is located in a chromosomal region known to be amplified in breast cancer. The amplification of this gene has been detected in both breast cancer cell line and primary breast tumors, which suggests a role of this gene in cancer development
((Hsu JI, Dayaram T, Tovy A, De Braekeleer E, Jeong M, Wang F, Zhang J,
Heffernan TP, Gera S, Kovacs JJ, Marszalek JR, Bristow C, Yan Y, Garcia-Manero G,
Kantarjian H, Vassiliou G, Futreal PA, Donehower LA, Takahashi K, Goodell MA.
PPM1D Mutations Drive Clonal Hematopoiesis in Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy.
Cell Stem Cell. 2018 Nov 1;23(5):700-713.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.004.
PubMed PMID: 30388424.
)).