Pineal region tumor epidemiology [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Pineal region tumor epidemiology ======

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[[Pineal region]] tumors (PRTs), which are rare tumors, account for approximately 0.4-1.0% of [[intracranial tumor]]s. 

Pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) are even rarer, and approximately 30% of PPTs occur in neoplasms of the pineal region
((Jakacki RI, Zeltzer PM, Boyett JM, Albright AL, Allen JC, Geyer JR, et al. Survival and prognostic factors following radiation and/or chemotherapy for primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the pineal region in infants and children: a report of the Childrens Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:1377–1383.)).

Over the age of 40 is more likely to be a meningioma or a glioma.

Tumors in this region are more common in children (3–8% of pediatric brain tumors) than in adults (≤1%).
((Regis J, Bouillot P, Rouby-Volot F, et al. Pineal Region Tumors and the Role of Stereotactic Biopsy: Review of the Mortality, Morbidity, and Diagnostic Rates in 370 Cases. Neurosurgery. 1996; 39:907–914))

Over 17 tumor types occur in this region
((Youssef AS, Keller JT, van Loveren HR. Novel applica- tion of computer-assisted cisternal endoscopy for the biopsy of pineal region tumors: cadaveric study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007; 149:399–406)).

[[Pineal germinoma]] is the most common tumor (21– 44% in American/European population, 43–70% in Japan), followed by [[pineal astrocytoma]], [[pineal teratoma]] and [[pineoblastoma]]
((Oi S, Matsumoto S. Controversy pertaining to thera- peutic modalities for tumors of the pineal region: a worldwide survey of di erent patient populations. Childs Nerv Syst. 1992; 8:332–336)).

Many tumors are of mixed cell type.

Germ cell tumors (GCT), ependymomas and pineal cell tumors metastasize easily through the CSF (“drop metastases”).