Neurotrophin [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Neurotrophin ======

A growing number of pre-clinical studies have suggested that [[transplantation]] of [[neural stem cell]]s (NSCs) could offer a promising new therapeutic approach for [[neurodegeneration]]. While much of the initial excitement about this strategy focused on the use of NSCs to replace degenerating [[neuron]]s, more recent studies have implicated NSC-mediated changes in [[neurotrophin]]s as a major mechanism of therapeutic efficacy
((Marsh SE, Blurton-Jones M. Neural stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative
disorders: The role of neurotrophic support. Neurochem Int. 2017 Jun;106:94-100. 
doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.006. Epub 2017 Feb 20. Review. PubMed PMID:
28219641; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5446923.
)).
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Chiang et al. developed a hierarchical hybrid [[gelatin]] methacrylate-microcapsule hydrogel (HGMH) with [[Neurotrophin]]-3(NT-3)-loaded PLGA microcapsules to fabricate anisotropic structure with patterned NT-3 distribution (demonstrated as striped and triangular patterns) by dielectrophoresis (DEP). The HGMH provides a dynamic biomimetic sinuate-microwrinkles change with NT-3 spatial gradient and 2-stage time-dependent distribution, which was further simulated using a 3D finite element model. As demonstrated, in comparison with striped-patterned hydrogel, the triangular-patterned HGMH with highly anisotropic array of microcapsules exhibits remarkably spatial NT-3 gradient distributions that can not only guide neural stem cells (NSCs) migration but also facilitate spinal cord injury regeneration. This approach to construct hierarchical 4D hydrogel system via an electromicrofluidic platform demonstrates the potential for building various biomimetic soft scaffolds in vitro tailed to real soft tissues
((Chiang MY, Cheng HW, Lo YC, Wang WC, Chang SJ, Cheng CH, Lin YC, Lu HE, Sue MW, Tsou NT, Lo YC, Li SJ, Kuo CH, Chen YY, Huang WC, Chen SY. 4D spatiotemporal modulation of biomolecules distribution in anisotropic corrugated microwrinkles via electrically manipulated microcapsules within hierarchical hydrogel for spinal cord regeneration. Biomaterials. 2021 Mar 20;271:120762. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120762. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33773400.))