Neuroepithelial cell [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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=====Neuroepithelial cell=====
Neuroepithelial [[cell]]s are the "[[stem cell]]s" of the [[nervous system]], deriving from actual stem cells in several different stages of neural development. These [[neural stem cell]]s then differentiate further into multiple types of cells, like [[neuron]]s, [[astrocyte]]s and other [[glia]]l cells. They appear during embryonic development of the [[neural tube]] as well as in adult [[neurogenesis]] in specific areas of the [[central nervous system]]. They are also associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. These cells have often been called [[neuroblast]]s in an effort to delineate them as precursors to neurons and glial cells.
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Duy et al. found convergence of [[congenital hydrocephalus]] risk genes in embryonic neuroepithelial [[stem cell]]s. Of all CH risk genes, [[TRIM71]]/lin-41 harbors the most de novo mutations and is most specifically expressed in [[neuroepithelial cell]]s. Mice harboring neuroepithelial cell-specific Trim71 deletion or CH-specific Trim71 mutation exhibit prenatal hydrocephalus. CH mutations disrupt TRIM71 binding to its RNA targets, causing premature neuroepithelial cell differentiation and reduced neurogenesis. Cortical hypoplasia leads to a hypercompliant cortex and secondary ventricular enlargement without primary defects in CSF circulation. These data highlight the importance of precisely regulated neuroepithelial cell fate for normal brain-CSF biomechanics and support a clinically relevant neuroprogenitor-based paradigm of CH
((Duy PQ, Weise SC, Marini C, Li XJ, Liang D, Dahl PJ, Ma S, Spajic A, Dong W, Juusola J, Kiziltug E, Kundishora AJ, Koundal S, Pedram MZ, Torres-Fernández LA, Händler K, De Domenico E, Becker M, Ulas T, Juranek SA, Cuevas E, Hao LT, Jux B, Sousa AMM, Liu F, Kim SK, Li M, Yang Y, Takeo Y, Duque A, Nelson-Williams C, Ha Y, Selvaganesan K, Robert SM, Singh AK, Allington G, Furey CG, Timberlake AT, Reeves BC, Smith H, Dunbar A, DeSpenza T Jr, Goto J, Marlier A, Moreno-De-Luca A, Yu X, Butler WE, Carter BS, Lake EMR, Constable RT, Rakic P, Lin H, Deniz E, Benveniste H, Malvankar NS, Estrada-Veras JI, Walsh CA, Alper SL, Schultze JL, Paeschke K, Doetzlhofer A, Wulczyn FG, Jin SC, Lifton RP, Sestan N, Kolanus W, Kahle KT. Impaired neurogenesis alters brain biomechanics in a neuroprogenitor-based genetic subtype of congenital hydrocephalus. Nat Neurosci. 2022 Apr 4. doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01043-3. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35379995.)).