Neural progenitors [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Neural progenitors ======

Neural progenitors are cells that are capable of dividing a limited number of times and have the capacity to differentiate into a restricted repertoire of neuronal and glial cell types.
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Emerging [[evidence]] highlights the several roles that [[meninges]] play in relevant [[brain function]]s as they are a protective [[membrane]] for the [[brain]], produce and release several [[trophic factor]]s important for neural [[cell migration]] and survival, control [[cerebrospinal fluid dynamics]], and embrace numerous immune interactions affecting neural [[parenchyma]]l functions. Furthermore, different groups have identified subsets of neural [[progenitor]]s residing in the meninges during development and in adulthood in different mammalian species, including humans. Interestingly, these immature neural cells are able to migrate from the meninges to the neural parenchyma and differentiate into functional cortical neurons or oligodendrocytes. Immature neural cells residing in the meninges promptly react to brain disease. Injury-induced expansion and migration of meningeal neural progenitors have been observed following experimental demyelination, traumatic spinal cord and brain injury, amygdala lesion, stroke, and progressive ataxia. In this review, we summarize data on the function of meninges as stem cell niche and on the presence of immature neural cells in the meninges and discuss their roles in brain health and disease. Decimo et al. consider the potential exploitation of meningeal [[neural progenitors]] for [[regenerative medicine]] to treat neurological disorders
((Decimo I, Dolci S, Panuccio G, Riva M, Fumagalli G, Bifari F. Meninges: A Widespread Niche of Neural Progenitors for the Brain [published online ahead of print, 2020 Sep 16]. Neuroscientist. 2020;1073858420954826. doi:10.1177/1073858420954826)).