Nervous system [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Nervous system ======

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Is the part of the body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of its body.
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Neurosurgery is a surgical [[specialty]] focused on the [[diagnosis]], [[treatment]], and [[management]] of disorders affecting the [[nervous system]], including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
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The nervous system is a vital part of [[organism]]s to survive and it endows them with remarkable abilities, such as [[perception]], [[recognition]], [[regulation]], [[learning]], and [[decision-making]], by intertwining myriad neurons. To realize such outstanding efficacies and functions, many [[artificial]] [[device]]s and [[system]]s have been investigated to emulate the operating principles of the nervous system. An artificial reflex arc (ARA) and artificial pain modulation system (APMS) are proposed to imitate the unconscious behaviors of the [[spinal cord]]. Gdx Oy - and Alx Oy -based charge-regulated field-effect transistors (CRFETs) with a monolayer [[graphene]] channel were fabricated and adopted as inhibitory and excitatory synapses, respectively, under the same [[pulse]] [[signal]]s to mimic the biological reflex arc through a connection with a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)-based actuator. Additionally, a memristor was integrated with a CRFET as the [[interneuron]] to regulate the Dirac point by controlling the [[voltage]] drop on the graphene channel, analogous to the descending pain inhibition system in the spinal cord, to prevent excessive [[pain]] perception. The proposed ARA and APMS have provided a significant step forward to realizing the functions of the nervous system, giving promising potential for developing future intelligent alarm systems, [[neuroprosthetics]], and [[neurorobotics]]
((Fu Y, Chan YT, Jiang YP, Chang KH, Wu HC, Lai CS, Wang JC. Polarity-Differentiated Dielectric Materials in Monolayer Graphene Charge-Regulated Field-Effect Transistors for an Artificial Reflex Arc and Pain Modulation System of the Spinal Cord. Adv Mater. 2022 May 26:e2202059. doi: 10.1002/adma.202202059. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35619163.)).

===== Central nervous system =====

[[Central nervous system]] 

===== Peripheral nervous system =====

[[Peripheral nervous system]].