Moyamoya Disease Epidemiology [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Moyamoya Disease Epidemiology ======

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For an unknown reason, [[Moyamoya Disease]] is relatively common in people living in East Asian countries such as [[Korea]] and [[Japan]], as compared to those in the Western Hemisphere. 

According to a [[survey]] performed in [[Japan]] in [[1995]], the [[prevalence]] of MMD was approximately 3.16/100,000, with an estimated incidence of 0.35/100,000
((Wakai K, Tamakoshi A, Ikezaki K, et al. Epidemiological features of moyamoya disease in Japan: findings from a nationwide survey. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997;99 Suppl 2:S1-S5. doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(97)00031-0)).

A subsequent survey in [[2004]] showed that the number of patients considerably increased, with an estimated incidence of 0.54/100,000, and prevalence of 6.03/100,000 in 2003

Another study performed in Hokkaido, Japan 
((Baba T, Houkin K, Kuroda S. Novel epidemiological features of moyamoya disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(8):900-904. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.130666)),
showed that the incidence and prevalence were 0.94/100,000 and 10.5/100,000, respectively, based on 267 newly diagnosed MMD patients between 2002 and 2006. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.8 or 1:2.2 in these surveys, and approximately 10%-15% of patients had a family history. The risk of having MMD in family members is about 30-40 times higher than the general population
((Wakai K, Tamakoshi A, Ikezaki K, et al. Epidemiological features of moyamoya disease in Japan: findings from a nationwide survey. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997;99 Suppl 2:S1-S5. doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(97)00031-0))
((Kuriyama S, Kusaka Y, Fujimura M, et al. Prevalence and clinicoepidemiological features of moyamoya disease in Japan: findings from a nationwide epidemiological survey. Stroke. 2008;39(1):42-47. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.490714)).

There were two peaks of incidence, at 10-20 and 35-50 years old.
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Sometimes as a [[conditions associated with aneurysm]]s

===== Moyamoya Disease Epidemiology outside of Asia =====

[[Moyamoya Disease Epidemiology outside of Asia]].