Monocular blindness [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Monocular blindness ======

Due to a lesion anterior to the [[optic chiasm]].

1. [[Amaurosis fugax]]: often described as a “shade coming down” over one eye

a) [[TIA]]: usually due to occlusion of the [[retinal artery]] 

b) [[giant cell arteritis]] (GCA): usually due to ischemia of [[optic nerve]] or [[optic tract]]s (less commonly due to [[retinal artery occlusion]])
((Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347:261–271)).

2. trauma: optic nerve injury

3. ruptured carotid cavernous aneurysm: resultant carotid-cavernous fistula increases intraocular
pressure by impeding venous return

4. intraorbital pathology: tumors

5. injury within the globe: retinal detachment, ocular trauma

6. unilateral vitreous hemorrhage: e.g. with SAH (Terson’s syndrome)