MicroRNA and aneurysm [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====MicroRNA and aneurysm====

[[miR 16]], [[miR 143]], and [[miR 200]] showed statically significant higher [[expression]] among cases with cerebral aneurysms in comparison to controls. Thus, these preliminary [[result]]s of miRNAs [[biomarker]]s are promising future tool to be used for aneurysmal [[screening]]
((Al-Jehani HM, Turkistani AN, Alrayes MM, AlHamid MA, AlShamikh AS, Al Sadah ZM, Alabbas FM, Cyrus C, Al-Ali AK. The role of MicroRNA as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cerebral aneurysms. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2023 Oct;28(4):250-257. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2023.4.20230028. PMID: 37844954.))
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The molecular mechanisms behind [[intracranial aneurysm]] formation and rupture remain poorly understood. 

The [[MicroRNA]] and mRNA interactions and expression levels in cerebral aneurysm tissue from human subjects were profiled. 

A prospective case-control study was performed on human subjects to characterize the differential expression of mRNA and miRNA in unruptured cerebral aneurysms in comparison with control tissue (healthy superficial temporal arteries [STA]). Ion Torrent was used for deep RNA sequencing. Affymetrix miRNA microarrays were used to analyze miRNA expression, whereas NanoString nCounter technology was used for validation of the identified targets. 

Overall, 7 [[unruptured intracranial aneurysm]] and 10 STA specimens were collected. Several differentially expressed genes were identified in aneurysm tissue, with MMP-13 (fold change 7.21) and various collagen genes (COL1A1, COL5A1, COL5A2) being among the most upregulated. In addition, multiple miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, with [[miR 21]] (fold change 16.97) being the most upregulated, and [[miR 143]]-5p (fold change -11.14) being the most downregulated. From these, miR-21, miR-143, and [[miR 145]] had several significantly anticorrelated target genes in the cohort that are associated with smooth muscle cell function, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation signaling, and lipid accumulation. All these processes are crucial to the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysms. 

This analysis identified differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in unruptured human cerebral aneurysms, suggesting the possibility of a role for miRNAs in aneurysm formation. Further investigation for their importance as therapeutic targets is needed
((Bekelis K, Kerley-Hamilton JS, Teegarden A, Tomlinson CR, Kuintzle R, Simmons 
N, Singer RJ, Roberts DW, Kellis M, Hendrix DA. MicroRNA and gene expression
changes in unruptured human cerebral aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 2016
Dec;125(6):1390-1399. PubMed PMID: 26918470; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5001931.
)).