Mini nano imaging agent [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Mini nano imaging agent ======

[[Maximal safe resection]] of [[glioma]] remains the single most effective [[treatment]]. Tools to guide the resection while avoiding removal of normal [[brain tissue]]s can aid [[neurosurgeon]]s in achieving optimal results. One strategy to achieve this goal is to rely upon interoperative [[fluorescence]] staining of [[tumor cell]]s [[in vivo]], that can be visualized by the surgeon during [[resection]]. 

Towards this goal Patiel et al., designed a [[biodegradable]] [[fluorescent]] [[mini nano imaging agent]] (NIA) with high specificity for [[U87]]MG [[glioma cell]]s and previously unmet high light emission. The NIA is the conjugate of [[polymalic acid]] (PMLA) with [[chlorotoxin]] for tumor targeting, [[indocyanine green]] (ICG) for NIR [[fluorescence]] and the tri-[[leucine]] [[peptide]] as [[fluorescence]] enhancer. PMLA as a multivalent platform carries several molecules of ICG and the other ligands. The NIA recognizes multiple sites on glioma [[cell surface]], demonstrated by the effects of single and combined competitors. Systemic IV injection into xenogeneic [[mouse model]] carrying human U87MG [[glioblastoma]] indicated vivid tumor cell binding and internalization of NIA resulting in intensive and long-lasting tumor fluorescence. The NIA is shown to greatly improve tumor removal supporting its utility in clinical applications
((Patil R, Galstyan A, Sun T, Shatalova ES, Butte P, Mamelak AN, Carico C,
Kittle DS, Grodzinski ZB, Chiechi A, Ding H, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E.
Polymalic acid chlorotoxin nanoconjugate for near-infrared fluorescence guided
resection of glioblastoma multiforme. Biomaterials. 2019 Mar 23;206:146-159. doi:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.029. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30933776.
)).