Middle frontal gyrus [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Middle frontal gyrus ======

{{ ::middle_frontal_gyrus.png?300|}}

{{rss>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/12UQ-02Q1yBeOLPFkYfzK0qCDDLqFMYXY1e-YxDJNeNiyD2kvg/?limit=15&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&fc=20230502123804}}
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The middle frontal [[gyrus]] (MFG) is usually more sinuous than the [[inferior frontal gyrus]] or [[superior frontal gyrus]] and it often connects to the [[precentral gyrus]] via a thin [[isthmus]]
((Naidich TP. MR [[Imaging]] of [[Brain]] [[Surface]] [[Anatomy]].
[[Neuroradiology]]. 1991; 33:S95–S99))

The middle [[frontal gyrus]] makes up about one-third of the [[frontal lobe]] of the human brain. 

The middle frontal gyrus, like the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus, is more of a [[region]] than a true gyrus.

The borders of the middle frontal gyrus are the [[inferior frontal sulcus]] below; the [[superior frontal sulcus]] above, and the [[precentral sulcus]] behind.

The middle frontal gyrus is frequently divided longitudinally by the intermediate sulcus. The surgeon should not confuse the intermediate sulcus with the [[superior frontal sulcus]] or [[inferior frontal sulcus]]. The inferior frontal sulcus is often interrupted, so the surgeon performing a subpial tumor dissection in the middle frontal gyrus may inadvertently wander into the inferior frontal gyrus. A break in the inferior frontal sulcus over the [[pars triangularis]] allows the surgeon to remove a middle frontal lesion to wander into [[Broca’s area]]. 

The middle frontal gyrus is comparable with the Broca area in its ability to determine hemispheric dominance for [[language]] using [[resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging]]. 
Results suggest the addition of resting-state fMRI of the middle frontal gyrus to the list of noninvasive modalities that could be used in patients with [[glioma]]s to evaluate hemispheric dominance of language before tumor resection. In patients who cannot participate in traditional task-based [[fMRI]], resting-state fMRI offers a task-free alternate to pre surgically map the [[eloquent]] cortex
((Gohel S, Laino ME, Rajeev-Kumar G, Jenabi M, Peck K, Hatzoglou V, Tabar V,
Holodny AI, Vachha B. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal
Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors. AJNR Am 
J Neuroradiol. 2019 Feb;40(2):319-325. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A5932. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
PubMed PMID: 30630835; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6375738.
)).
===== Right Middle Frontal Gyrus =====

see [[Right Middle Frontal Gyrus]].

===== Left middle frontal gyrus =====

see [[Left middle frontal gyrus]].

===== Approaches =====

see [[Middle frontal gyrus approach]].

===== References =====