Microglia polarization [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Microglia polarization ======
[[Microglia]] are polarized to the [[M2 microglia]] phenotype following stimulation with [[interleukin 4]] or [[interleukin 13]], which are typically released from [[Th2 cell]]s. M2 microglia secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that promote attenuation of the inflammatory response and repair of damaged tissue.

Sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif (SARM), a member of the Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor family, is primarily expressed in the central nervous system. However, the role of SARM in glioma is still undefined. Zhou et al. examined the function of SARM in [[microglia]] polarization and [[glioma progression]]. The results showed that forced the expression of SARM in [[GL261]] glioma cells inhibited tumor growth, and reduced [[interleukin 6]] secretion in conditioned media. Silencing of SARM in [[microglia]] cells inhibited [[interleukin 4]] -induced [[M2 microglia]] polarization and enhanced lipopolysaccharide-induced [[M1 microglia]]l polarization. Furthermore, overexpression of SARM increased the migration of [[microglia]] cells upon [[TGFβ]] stimulation. These data suggested that SARM is involved in [[neuroinflammation]] and [[microglia activation]]. This study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of [[microglia]] polarization
((Zhou C, Li T, Dong Q, Liang H, Xu L. SARM suppresses glioma progression in GL261 glioma cells and regulates microglial polarization. Cell Biol Int. 2022 Aug 16. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11881. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35971755.)).