Machismo [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Machismo ======

The belief that certain [[personality]] traits could result in potentially dangerous [[outcome]]s was first recognized in aviation, as ‘‘Arrogance got more pilots in [[trouble]] than faulty [[equipment]]” 
((Yeager C, Janos L. Yeager. New York, NY, USA: Bantam; 1985)).
Furthermore, it was even suggested that over half of the aviation [[disaster]]s were related to poor pilot [[decision-making]]
((Administration UDoT-FA. Advisory Circular: Aeronautical Decision Making.
Advisory Circular 60-22 Washington, DC, USA. 1991.)).
This has resulted in pilots being trained to use mitigation techniques for specific attitudes, such as [[machismo]], [[impulsiveness]], [[anxiety]], [[antiauthority]], [[resignation]], and [[invulnerability]], to avoid [[disaster]]s
((Diehl AE, Hwoschinsky PV, Lawton RS, Livack GS, editors. Aeronautical decision
making for student and private pilots. Washington, DC, USA: US Department of
Transportation-Federal Aviation Administration; 1987.))
((Federal Aviation Administration. Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
FAA-H8083-25. Oklahoma City, OK, USA: US Department of TransportationFederal
Aviation Administration; 2003.))
((Administration UDoT-FA. Advisory circular: aeronautical decision
making. Washington, DC, USA: US Department of Transportation-Federal
Aviation Administration; 1991))
((Hunter DR. Dealing with hazardous attitudes. Available at: <http://www.
avhf.com/html/Evaluation/GMasonHazAttitudeScale/Hazard_Attitude_
Training.htm> [accessed 01.02.18])).

Possessing a certain degree of [[machismo]], [[antiauthority]] and [[self-confidence]] may be required from a [[leader]] in times of [[emergency]]. Such characteristics could have favorable consequences in that they offer stability and direction to a [[team]] in a precarious situation
((Muskens IS, van der Burgt SME, Senders JT, Lamba N, Peerdeman SM, Broekman ML.
Behavior and attitudes among European neurosurgeons - An international survey. J 
Clin Neurosci. 2018 Jul 17. pii: S0967-5868(18)30938-X. doi:
10.1016/j.jocn.2018.07.019. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30029955.
)).