Ketogenic Diet (KD) [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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=====Ketogenic Diet (KD)=====
The effectiveness of calorie restriction or a ketogenic diet can be understood through analysis of its biochemistry. A landmark study by Nobel laureate Otto Warburg demonstrated neoplastic metabolic dependence on [[aerobic glycolysis]] for energy production
((On the origin of cancer cells. Warburg O. Science. 1956;10:309–314.)).


A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, often referred to as a ketogenic diet (KD), has been suggested to reduce frequency and severity of chronic pediatric and adult seizures. A hypoglycemic state, perpetuated by administration of a KD, has been hypothesized as a potential aid to the current standard treatments of high-grade gliomas.
====Epilepsy====
The ketogenic diet is the treatment of choice for epilepsy related to glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (expert opinion, level U recommendation)
((Wilmshurst JM, Gaillard WD, Vinayan KP, Tsuchida TN, Plouin P, Van Bogaert P, 
Carrizosa J, Elia M, Craiu D, Jovic NJ, Nordli D, Hirtz D, Wong V, Glauser T,
Mizrahi EM, Cross JH. Summary of recommendations for the management of infantile 
seizures: Task Force Report for the ILAE Commission of Pediatrics. Epilepsia.
2015 Aug;56(8):1185-97. doi: 10.1111/epi.13057. Epub 2015 Jun 30. PubMed PMID:
26122601.
)).

Treatment with KD resulted in a marked improvement in seizures and cognitive functions but its effect appeared to be less striking on the other neurological disorders of the patients. When the classic KD is not tolerated, an alternative to KD may be helpful
((Gumus H, Bayram AK, Kardas F, Canpolat M, Çağlayan AO, Kumandas S, Kendirci M,
Per H. The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Seizures, Cognitive Functions, and Other 
Neurological Disorders in Classical Phenotype of Glucose Transporter 1 Deficiency
Syndrome. Neuropediatrics. 2015 Aug 12. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
26267703.
)).

====Glioma====

see [[Ketogenic diet in glioma]].