Intracranial teratoma diagnosis [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Intracranial teratoma diagnosis ======

{{rss>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/1B7BQ1Y5fH4dsfqdAZGl4TzQgWiLexf7mpOssDxowv_t29boLl/?limit=15&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&fc=20240313154123}}
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The detection of their clinical manifestation, the analysis of imaging features and the serum levels of [[tumor marker]]s help diagnose [[intracranial teratoma]]s
((Huang X, Zhang R, Zhou LF. Diagnosis and treatment of [[intracranial immature teratoma]]. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2009;45(5):354-60. doi: 10.1159/000257524. Epub 2009 Nov 11. PMID: 19907199.)).

The patients [[age]], biochemical [[marker]]s, and patohistological analysis are necessary to confirm the [[diagnosis]]
((Romić D, Raguž M, Marčinković P, et al. Intracranial Mature [[Teratoma]] in an Adult Patient: A Case Report. J Neurol Surg Rep. 2019;80(1):e14-e17. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1685213)).

===== Markers =====

Sometimes may be associated with elevated levels of:

[[Serum]] [[Alpha-fetoprotein]] (AFP)

[[Serum]] [[carcinoembryonic antigen]] (CEA)

===== Radiographic features =====

[[Intracranial teratoma]]s are often seen as large lesions at presentation. 

Given their extremely variable histological components, imaging also tends to be heterogeneous, with tumors typically demonstrating a mixture of tissue densities and [[signal intensity]]. Fat, if present, is helpful in narrowing the differential.

==== CT ====

The majority of intracranial teratomas demonstrate at least some fat and some [[calcification]], which is usually solid / "clump-like" 
((Chang T, Teng MM, Guo WY, Sheng WC. CT of pineal tumors and intracranial germ-cell tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989 Dec;153(6):1269-74. doi: 10.2214/ajr.153.6.1269. PMID: 2554702.))
((Buetow PC, Smirniotopoulos JG, Done S. Congenital brain tumors: a review of 45 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990 Sep;155(3):587-93. doi: 10.2214/ajr.155.3.2167004. PMID: 2167004.))

They usually have cystic and solid components, contributing to an irregular outline. Solid components demonstrate variable enhancement 
((Chang T, Teng MM, Guo WY, Sheng WC. CT of pineal tumors and intracranial germ-cell tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989 Dec;153(6):1269-74. doi: 10.2214/ajr.153.6.1269. PMID: 2554702.))

==== MRI ====

[[Intracranial teratoma Magnetic resonance imaging]]