Intracerebral Hemorrhage Classification [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Intracerebral Hemorrhage Classification ======

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[[Intraparenchymal hemorrhage]] (IPH) is one extension of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] (the other is [[intraventricular hemorrhage]] (IVH)) with bleeding within [[brain parenchyma]]).


It can be caused by [[brain trauma]], or it can occur spontaneously in hemorrhagic stroke. Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a spontaneous bleeding into the brain tissue.
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke characterized by bleeding within the brain tissue. The classification of intracerebral hemorrhage is often based on various factors, including the location of the bleed, underlying causes, and specific characteristics of the hemorrhage. One commonly used classification system is the "Hemorrhage Location and Grading Scale."

Hemorrhage Location and Grading Scale:

This classification system focuses on the location and extent of the intracerebral hemorrhage. The key components include:

Location of Hemorrhage: Describes the specific anatomical site within the brain where the hemorrhage has occurred. Common locations include:

Basal Ganglia: A group of structures deep within the brain.
Thalamus: A central structure that relays sensory and motor signals.
Lobar (Cortical): In the cerebral lobes, which are the outer layers of the brain.
Brainstem or Cerebellum: Less common but can occur in these regions.
Hematoma Volume: The volume or size of the hemorrhage is often categorized as small, medium, or large. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, are used to measure the volume.

Extension into Ventricles: Describes whether the hemorrhage extends into the ventricular system within the brain.

Other Classification Considerations:

Apart from the Hemorrhage Location and Grading Scale, clinicians may also classify intracerebral hemorrhages based on:

Underlying Causes: Identifying the specific underlying conditions or factors contributing to the intracerebral hemorrhage, such as hypertension, vascular malformations, bleeding disorders, or anticoagulant use.

Clinical Severity: Assessing the severity of the clinical presentation and neurological deficits caused by the hemorrhage.

Presence of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH): Some classification systems may consider whether there is bleeding into the ventricular system.

It's important to note that classification systems are tools to assist in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. Different systems may be used in research studies or clinical practice, and the choice may depend on specific goals and contexts. Additionally, ongoing research may lead to the development of new classification systems or modifications to existing ones to improve their accuracy and clinical utility
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[[Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage]].

[[Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage]].
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[[Acute intracerebral hemorrhage]].

[[Chronic intracerebral hemorrhage]].

===== Age =====

[[Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage]] - [[Intracerebral hemorrhage in the newborn]].

[[Cerebral hemorrhage in infancy and childhood]]

===== Localization =====

[[Intraparenchymal hemorrhage]]

[[Basal ganglia hemorrhage]]

[[Intraventricular hemorrhage]]

[[Lobar hemorrhage]].