Impingement [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Impingement ======

to make an impression; have an effect or impact.

[[Disc degeneration]] is a normal part of aging, and usually is not a problem. However, [[Degenerative Disc Disease]] (DDD) can cause discs to lose height and become stiff. When disc height is lost, nerve [[impingement]], bone and joint inflammation, and resultant pain can occur.
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[[Lumbar foraminal stenosis]] (LFS) is one of the most frequent forms of [[lumbar degenerative spondylosis]] (LDS), a late consequence of [[intervertebral disc degeneration]] (IVD) and considered a wear-and-tear phenomenon that is at least partially [[age]]-related. The narrowing of the [[intervertebral space]] leads to secondary [[hypertrophy]] of the [[intervertebral]] [[joint]]s as a reaction to overload, [[ligament]]ous overgrowth, and a reduction in [[intervertebral foramen]] diameter. This chain reaction is the main reason for [[nerve root]] [[impingement]] and distorted neurodynamics that lead to mixed pain in advanced spondylosis (axial and radicular pain) 
((Urits I, Burshtein A, Sharma M, Testa L, Gold PA, Orhurhu V, Viswanath O, Jones MR, Sidransky MA, Spektor B, Kaye AD. Low Back Pain, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019 Mar 11;23(3):23. doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1. PMID: 30854609.)).