hydroxystilbamidine [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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Hydroxystilbamidine (trade name FluoroGold) is a fluorescent dye that emits different frequencies of light when bound to DNA and RNA. It is used as a retrograde tracer for outlining neurons, and as a histochemical stain.

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[[FluoroGold]]™ is a highly effective neuronal retrograde tracer compatible with any histological processing technique and can be further combined with a second marker.

A study of Çavdar et al., from  [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]], in [[2018]] aims to define the cortical and subcortical and [[brain stem]] connections of the [[cerebellum]] via the [[superior cerebellar peduncle]] (SCP) and [[middle cerebellar peduncle]] (MCP) using [[biotinylated dextran amine]] (BDA) and [[FluoroGold]] (FG) tracer in [[Wistar rat]]s. 14 male rats received 20-50-nl pressure injections of either FG or BDA tracer into the SCP and MCP. Following 7-10 days of survival period, the animals were processed according to the related protocol for two tracers. Labelled cells and [[axon]]s were documented using light and [[fluorescence microscope]]. The SCP connects cerebellum to the [[insula]]r and infralimbic cortices whereas, MCP addition to the [[insula]]r cortex, it also connects [[cerebellum]] to the [[rhinal cortex]], primary [[sensory cortex]], [[piriform cortex]] and [[auditory cortex]]. Both SCP and MCP connected the cerebellum to the ventral, lateral, posterior and central, [[thalamic nuclei]]. Additionally, SCP also connects parafasicular thalamic nucleus to the cerebellum. The SCP connects cerebellum to [[basal ganglia]] (ventral pallidum and clastrum) and [[limbic]] structures ([[amygdala]] nuclei and bed nucleus of [[stria terminalis]]), however, the MCP have no connections with basal ganglia or limbic structures. Both the SCP and MCP densely connects cerebellum to various brainstem structures. Attaining the knowledge of the connections of the SCP and MCP is important for the diagnosis of lesions in the MCP and SCP and would deepen current understanding of the [[neural circuit]] of various diseases or lesions involving the SCP and MCP
((Çavdar S, Özgür M, Kuvvet Y, Bay H, Aydogmus E. Cortical, subcortical and
brain stem connections of the cerebellum via the superior and middle cerebellar
peduncle in the rat. J Integr Neurosci. 2018 Jul 25. doi: 10.3233/JIN-180090.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30056432.)).