Hydrogel [Neurosurgery Wiki]

This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong.
====== Hydrogel ======

Hydrogel products constitute a group of polymeric materials, the hydrophilic structure of which renders them capable of holding large amounts of water in their three-dimensional networks. Extensive employment of these products in a number of industrial and environmental areas of application is considered to be of prime importance. As expected, natural hydrogels were gradually replaced by synthetic types due to their higher water absorption capacity, long service life, and wide varieties of raw chemical resources. Literature on this subject was found to be expanding, especially in the scientific areas of research. However, a number of publications and technical reports dealing with hydrogel products from the engineering points of view were examined to overview technological aspects covering this growing multidisciplinary field of research
((https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123213000969)).
----
Although injectable [[hydrogel]]s show promise for promoting healing of [[lesion]]s and health of surrounding [[tissue]], enabling cellular ingrowth and restoring [[neural tissue]] continue to be challenging. 
Hu et al. hypothesized that these challenges arise in part from the mismatch of composition, stiffness and [[viscoelasticity]] between the hydrogel and the brain [[parenchyma]], and tested this [[hypothesis]] by developing and evaluating a self-healing hydrogel that not only mimicked the composition, but also the stiffness and viscoelasticity of native [[brain parenchyma]]. The hydrogel was crosslinked by dynamic boronate ester bonds between [[phenylboronic acid]] grafted [[hyaluronic acid]] (HA-PBA) and dopamine grafted [[gelatin]] (Gel-Dopa). This HA-PBA/Gel-Dopa hydrogel could be injected into a lesion [[cavity]] in a shear-thinning manner with rapid [[hemostasis]], high tissue [[adhesion]] and efficient self-healing. They tested this in an [[in vivo]] [[mouse model]] of brain lesions and found the multi-functional injectable hydrogel to support neural cell [[infiltration]], decrease [[astrogliosis]] and glial [[scar]]s, and close the lesions. The results suggest a role for [[extracellular matrix]]-mimicking [[viscoelasticity]] in [[brain lesion]] healing, and motivate additional [[experimentation]] in larger [[animal]]s as the technology progresses towards potential application in humans
((Hu Y, Jia Y, Wang S, Ma Y, Huang G, Ding T, Feng D, Genin GM, Wei Z, Xu F. An ECM-Mimicking, Injectable, Viscoelastic Hydrogel for Treatment of Brain Lesions. Adv Healthc Mater. 2022 Nov 18:e2201594. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202201594. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36398536.)).
----

see [[3D hydrogel]].

see [[Hydrogel coated coil]].

see [[Hybrid Gelatin Hydrogel]].

===== Immunomodulatory hydrogel =====

[[Immunomodulatory hydrogel]].