High-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry [Neurosurgery Wiki]

This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong.
====== High-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry ======

High-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry (HR-QMS) is a powerful analytical technique used primarily in proteomics, metabolomics, and other fields for the precise identification and quantification of biomolecules. Below is an overview of its key components, advantages, and applications.

Overview of High-Resolution Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
What is High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry?
High-resolution mass spectrometry involves measuring the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions with high precision and accuracy. This technique enables the differentiation of ions with very similar masses, which is crucial for identifying complex mixtures of biomolecules, such as proteins and metabolites.

Key Features
High Resolution: The ability to resolve peaks that are close together in mass, typically measured as the full width at half maximum (FWHM). HR-QMS instruments can achieve resolutions exceeding 100,000.
Quantitative Analysis: Provides accurate quantification of target molecules in complex samples. Quantitative data can be obtained through various methods, including isotope labeling and label-free approaches.
Techniques and Instruments
Mass Spectrometers: Common instruments used for HR-QMS include Orbitrap, FT-ICR (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance), and Q-TOF (Quadrupole Time-of-Flight) mass spectrometers.
Sample Preparation: Typically involves protein digestion (e.g., trypsin digestion), followed by various enrichment and purification steps to prepare samples for analysis.
Advantages
Sensitivity: Can detect low-abundance molecules in complex biological samples.
Specificity: High-resolution allows for the distinction between closely related compounds or isoforms.
Comprehensive Profiling: Enables the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules simultaneously.
Applications
Proteomics: Identification and quantification of proteins and their post-translational modifications in biological samples.
Metabolomics: Analysis of metabolites to understand metabolic changes associated with diseases or treatments.
Pharmacokinetics: Measurement of drug levels in biological fluids to study absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Clinical Diagnostics: Biomarker discovery for diseases by profiling protein or metabolite signatures.
Example Protocol for HR-QMS Analysis
Sample Preparation:

Lyse cells or tissues and extract proteins.
Digest proteins into peptides using an enzyme like trypsin.
Clean up the digest using solid-phase extraction (SPE) or other purification methods.
Mass Spectrometry Analysis:

Introduce the sample into the mass spectrometer.
Set the instrument to high-resolution mode.
Acquire mass spectra while monitoring for specific ions of interest.
Data Analysis:

Use software to analyze the resulting spectra.
Identify and quantify the proteins or metabolites using relevant databases and algorithms.
Validate findings with biological replicates.
Conclusion
High-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry is an essential tool in modern biochemical research, providing insights into the complexities of biological systems. Its ability to deliver precise and quantitative data makes it invaluable for a wide range of applications in health and disease research.