Glioma metabolism [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Glioma metabolism ======

[[Glioma]]s are the most common type of [[malignant]] [[brain tumor]]s. Despite significant medical advances, gliomas remain incurable and are associated with high [[mortality]]. Although numerous [[glioma biomarker]]s of diagnostic value have been identified and significant progress in the prognosis of the [[glioma outcome]] has been made, the [[glioma treatment]] has not been parallelly improved during the last three decades. 

A review of Guo et al. summarizes and discusses three aspects of recent discoveries related to glioma, with the objective to highlight the advantages of glioma-specific drugs targeting the cell of origin, [[microenvironment]], and [[glioma metabolism]]. Given the heterogeneous nature of gliomas, various cell populations have been implicated as likely sources of the tumor. Depending on the [[mutation]](s) acquired by the cells, it is believed that neuronal stem/progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, mature [[neuron]]s, and [[glial cell]]s can initiate cell transformation into a [[malignant]] [[phenotype]]. The level of [[tumorigenicity]] appears to be inversely correlated with the maturation of a given cell population. The [[glioma microenvironment]] includes non-cancer cells such as [[immune cell]]s, [[fibroblast]]s, and cells of blood vessels, as well as secreted molecules and the [[extracellular matrix]], and all these components play a vital role during tumor initiation and progression. They discussed in detail how the [[glioma microenvironment]] can stimulate and drive the transformation of non-tumor cell populations into tumor-supporting cells or [[glioma cell]]s. [[Metabolic reprogramming]] is a key feature of [[glioma]]s and is thought to reflect the adaptation to the increased nutritional requirements of tumor [[cell proliferation]], growth, and survival. [[Mutation]]s in the [[IDH]] gene can shape metabolic reprogramming and may generate some vulnerabilities in glioma cells, such as abnormal [[lipid metabolism]] and sensitivity to [[endoplasmic reticulum stress]] (ERS). They analyzed the prominent metabolic features of [[malignant glioma]]s and the key pathways regulating [[glioma metabolism]]
((Guo X, Wang T, Huang G, Li R, Da Costa C, Li H, Lv S, Li N. Rediscovering potential molecular targets for glioma therapy through the analysis of the cell of origin, microenvironment, and metabolism. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2021 May 3. doi: 10.2174/1568009621666210504091722. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33949933.))