Show pageBacklinksCite current pageExport to PDFFold/unfold allBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== Glioma ====== {{rss>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/1rMwxYmtBPsrhR5rhrbUwjZM3c30KLe7KF25QuVIkpXNF5d5tN/?limit=15&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&fc=20240221171507}} ---- A glioma is a type of tumor that arises from [[glia]]l cells, which are supportive cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Glial cells include [[astrocyte]]s, [[oligodendrocyte]]s, and ependymal cells, and they play a crucial role in supporting and protecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. ---- Gliomas are categorized by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) into distinct tumor subtypes and tumor grades according to a combination of histologic and molecular features ((Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The [[2021]] WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro Oncol 2021;23:1231-51.)). ---- Studies on [[glioma]]s suggested that the microenvironment of human gliomas contains both [[glioma stem cell]]s (GSCs) and glioma associated (GA)-[[mesenchymal stem cell]]s (MSCs; (GA-MSCs). Also, studies have suggested that nano- sized vesicles, termed [[exosome]]s, have been recently observed to contribute towards intercellular communication within the tumor niche ((Xu H, Zhang K, Zong H, Shang M, Li K, He X. Exosomal communication in glioma - a review. J BUON. 2016 Nov-Dec;21(6):1368-1373. PubMed PMID: 28039693. )). ===== Epidemiology ===== Glioma is the most frequent primary cerebral tumor in adults, with an incidence of 4–5/100 000 individuals. Gliomas are the second leading cause of cancer mortality in adults under the age of 35, the fourth leading cause in those under the age of 54, and result in death in approximately 13 770 individuals per year in the United States. Approximately 89,000 new [[primary brain tumor]]s are diagnosed in the [[United States]] each year, for which 27% are [[glioma]]s and 32.8% are [[malignant glioma]]s ((Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Fulop J, Liu M, Blanda R, Kromer C, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Oct;17 Suppl 4:iv1-iv62. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov189. Epub 2015 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 26511214; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4623240. )). The are more frequent among males ((Ohgaki H and Kleihues P (2005) Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 109: 93–108.)). ===== Classification ===== see [[Glioma Classification]]. ===== Biomarker ===== see [[Glioma Biomarker]]. ===== Pathogenesis ===== see [[Glioma pathogenesis]]. ===== Spread ===== see [[Glioma spread]]. ===== Recurrence ===== see [[Glioma recurrence]]. ===== Clinical Features ===== Many gliomas become symptomatic with either [[seizure]]s or [[focal neurological deficit]]s and are subsequently detected via MRI. see [[Glioma-related epilepsy]]. ---- [[Maternal migraine]] was positively associated with risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.86), central nervous system tumors ([OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02-1.68], particularly [[glioma]] [OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.12-2.40]), neuroblastoma (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.00-3.08), and osteosarcoma (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.18-5.76). Associations with maternal [[migraine]] were observed for several childhood [[cancer]]s, including [[neuronal tumor]]s. The findings raise [[question]]s about the role of lifestyle factors, sex hormones, genetic, and neurochemical factors in the relationship between migraine and childhood cancers ((Orimoloye HT, Heck JE, Charles A, Saechao C, He D, Federman N, Olsen J, Ritz B, Hansen J. Maternal migraine and risk of pediatric cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2023 Apr 26:e30385. doi: 10.1002/pbc.30385. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37101365.)) ===== Diagnosis ===== see [[Glioma Diagnosis]]. ===== Guidelines ===== see [[Glioma Guidelines]] ===== Treatment ===== see [[Glioma treatment]]. ===== Outcome ===== see [[Glioma outcome]]. ===== Books ===== see [[Glioma Books]]. ===== Research ===== see [[Glioma research]] ===== Retrospective observational studies ===== Lin et al. retrospectively analyzed routine MR and IVIM-DWI data from 85 patients with pathologically confirmed brain gliomas from January 2017 to May 2023. The data were divided into a [[training set]] (N=61) and a test set (N=24) in a 7:3 ratio. Regions of interest (ROIs) of brain gliomas, including the solid tumor region (rCET), edema region (rE), and necrotic region (rNec), were delineated using 3D-Slicer software and projected onto the D, D*, and f sequences. A total of 1037 features were extracted from each ROI, resulting in 3111 features per patient. Age was incorporated in the calculation of the Radscore, and a clinical-imaging genomics combined model was constructed, from which a nomogram graph was generated. Separate models were built for the D, D*, and f parameters. The AUC value of the D parameter model was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00) in the training set and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79-1.00) in the validation set, which was significantly higher than that of the D* parameter model (0.90, 0.82) and the f parameter model (0.89, 0.91). The imaging genomics nomogram based on IVIM-DWI can effectively predict the ATRX gene status of patients with brain gliomas, with the D parameter showing the highest efficacy ((Lin X, Wang C, Zheng J, Liu M, Li M, Xu H, Dong H. Image Omics Nomogram Based on Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Voxels Predicts ATRX Gene Mutation Status of Brain Glioma Patients. J Imaging Inform Med. 2024 Feb 20. doi: 10.1007/s10278-024-00984-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38378963.)). ===== Case series ===== [[Glioma case series]]. ===== Glioma database ===== [[Glioma database]] ===== References ===== glioma.txt Last modified: 2025/04/29 20:24by 127.0.0.1