Generalizability [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Generalizability ======

**Generalizability** refers to the extent to which the results or findings of a study can be **applied beyond the specific sample, setting, or context** in which the study was conducted.

===== 🧠 Definition =====
> Generalizability is the **degree to which study conclusions are valid for populations, environments, or clinical scenarios outside the original research conditions**. It determines the external validity of a study.

===== 🔍 Key Elements =====
  * **Sample size and diversity** – More diverse and representative samples improve generalizability.
  * **Study design** – Randomization and real-world settings increase generalizability.
  * **Contextual relevance** – Findings must align with the target population’s characteristics, healthcare systems, or clinical practices.

===== ⚠️ Threats to Generalizability =====
  * Use of **cadaveric or animal models**
  * **Highly specialized centers or surgeons**
  * **Small or homogeneous samples**
  * Studies done in **non-clinical or artificial settings**