EpiTrack [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== EpiTrack ======

https://eisai-epitrack.com/
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EpiTrack® and EpiTrack® Junior are short and repeatable [[neuropsychological screening tests]] for the assessment and monitoring of cognition along with [[antiepileptic]] [[treatment]] in [[epilepsy]] patients.
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A study involved 33 [[drug-resistant epilepsy]] (DRE) patients who were assessed with EpiTrack as a part of the clinical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) protocol. Evaluations were scheduled prior to VNS implantation and then at 6 months, 12 months, and yearly thereafter. However, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] disrupted follow-up. Therefore, changes in EpiTrack total scores over time were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects (LME) model to compensate for the variation in follow-up duration when predicting EpiTrack total score changes over five years.

The median follow-up time was 29 months. During each month, the EpiTrack total score was predicted to increase by 0.07 units (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 to 0.12, p = 0.02), corresponding to a change from a baseline score of 27.3 (severe impairment) to a score of 28.9 (mild impairment) at two years and to a score of 31.5 (almost normal) at five years. In the group of patients with psychiatric comorbidities, the EpiTrack total score increased by 0.14 units per month (p = 0.003), which was 3.5-fold higher than the increase of patients without psychiatric comorbidities. For the patients taking 1-2 antiseizure medications (ASMs), the EpiTrack total score increased by 0.11 units per month (p = 0.005), which was almost quadruple the rate of patients taking 3-4 ASMs.

Based on EpiTrack total scores, the LME model predicted a four-point improvement in [[executive function]]s among DRE patients five years after the initiation of VNS, representing a clinically meaningful change. DRE patients with comorbid depression seemed to experience the most cognitive benefits. Additionally, better cognitive outcomes were achieved if the patient took less than three ASMs
((Lähde N, Basnyat P, Raitanen J, Lehtimäki K, Rosti-Otajärvi E, Peltola J. Longitudinal EpiTrack assessment of [[executive function]]s following vagus nerve stimulation therapy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia Open. 2023 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/epi4.12855. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37897151.)).