electrochemical_biosensor [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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The ability to rapidly assess and monitor patient [[immune response]]s is critical for clinical diagnostics; [[vaccine]] design; and fundamental [[investigation]]s into the presence or generation of protective immunity against [[infectious disease]]s. Findings on the limits of [[antibody]]-based protection provided by [[B-cell]]s have highlighted the importance of engaging pathogen-specific [[T-cell]]s for long-lasting and broad protection against [[virus]]es and their emergent variants such as in [[SARS-CoV-2]]. However; low-cost and point-of-care tools for detecting engagement of [[T-cell]] immunity in patients are conspicuously lacking in ongoing efforts to assess and control population-wide disease risk. Currently available tools for human T-cell analysis are time and resource-intensive. Utilizing multichannel [[silicon]] [[nanowire]] field-effect transistors (Si-NW-FET) compatible with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); we developed a device designed for rapid and label-free detection of human T-cell immune responses. We demonstrate the generalizability of this approach by measuring T-cell responses against melanoma antigen MART1; common and seasonal viruses CMV; EBV; flu; as well as emergent pandemic coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2. Further; this device provides a modular and translational platform for optimizing vaccine formulations and combinations; offering quick and quantitative readouts for acquisition and persistence of T-cell [[immunity]] against variant-driven pathogens such as Flu and pandemic SARS-CoV-2
((Nami M, Han P, Hanlon D, Tatsuno K, Wei B, Sobolev O, Pitruzzello M, Vassall A, Yosinski S, Edelson R, Reed M. Rapid Screen for Anti-viral T-cell Immunity with Nanowire Electrochemical Biosensors. Adv Mater. 2022 Feb 14:e2109661. doi: 10.1002/adma.202109661. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35165959.))
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In a issue of Neuron, Stoeber et al. (2018) report a biosensor resolving the spatiotemporal organization of opioid receptor activation in living neurons. They delineate novel signaling mechanisms in endosomes and Golgi differentially engaged by opioid peptides and drugs
((Wang D, Berg DJ, Scherrer G. Beware of Undertow: Opioid Drugs Generate
Additional Waves of Intracellular Signaling. Neuron. 2018 Jun 6;98(5):870-872.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.035. PubMed PMID: 29879387.
)).