Diarrhea [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Diarrhea ======

===== Risk factors =====

[[Omeprazole]]
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[[Acetazolamide]]
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Enteral infection with [[Campylobacter jejuni]] (≈ 4 days of intense diarrhea).
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[[Naloxone]] may precipitate narcotic withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent patients, with anxiety or agitation, piloerection, yawning, sneezing, rhinorrhea, nausea, vomiting, [[diarrhea]], abdominal cramps, muscle spasms
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[[Autonomic neuropathy]].
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[[Ankylosing spondylitis]].
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[[Botulism]]
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[[Spinal]] [[radiotherapy]]
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[[Serotonin]] and [[kallikrein]] may be released and may produce a carcinoid-like syndrome (bronchoconstriction, abdominal pain, explosive [[diarrhea]], violent H/A, cutaneous flushing, hypertension, hepatomegaly, and hyperglycemia)
((Farrior JB, Hyams VJ, Benke RH, et al. Carcinoid Apudoma Arising in a Glomus Jugulare Tumor: Review of Endocrine Activity in Glomus Jugulare Tumors. Laryngoscope. 1980; 90:110–119)).
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[[Colchicine]]
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[[Tiludronate]] 

===== Complications =====
[[Shunt infection]]
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Diarrhea may indicate infection unrelated to shunt.
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Patients with [[aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]] who subsequently developed diarrhea had significantly increased odds of developing [[Delayed ischemic neurologic deficit]]. Enteral volume loss due to [[osmotic laxative]] use is a potential risk factor for [[Delayed ischemic neurologic deficit]] after [[aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
((Gelder CL, Bautista M, Awan SA, Anderson IA. Unaccounted for enteral volume loss linked to [[delayed cerebral ischemia]] after [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]]. Neurosurg Focus. 2022 Mar;52(3):E5. doi: 10.3171/2021.12.FOCUS21603. PMID: 35231895.)).