Cingulate gyrus function [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Cingulate gyrus function ======

For an excellent review of data regarding the complex functional role of the [[cingulate gyrus]] and the surrounding structures of the [[frontal lobe]], see Rushworth et al.
((Rushworth MF, Buckley MJ, Behrens TE, Walton ME, Bannerman
DM: Functional organization of the medial frontal
cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 17:220–227, 2007)).

Functionally, the [[cingulate gyrus]] is part of the [[limbic system]] with extensive connectivity to different anatomical and functional areas. Many studies were published concerning the cingulate area and neuropsychological findings
((di Pellegrino G, Ciaramelli E, Ladavas E: The regulation of
cognitive control following rostral anterior cingulate cortex
lesion in humans. J Cogn Neurosci 19:275–286, 2007))
((Sumner P, Nachev P, Morris P, Peters AM, Jackson SR, Kennard
C, et al: Human medial frontal cortex mediates unconscious
inhibition of voluntary action. Neuron 54:697–711,
2007)),
functional and diffusion tensor imaging
((Concha L, Gross DW, Beaulieu C: Diffusion tensor tractography
of the limbic system. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
26:2267–2274, 2005))
((Mohamed IS, Otsubo H, Shroff M, Donner E, Drake J, Snead
OC III: Magnetoencephalography and diffusion tensor imaging
in gelastic seizures secondary to a cingula)),
lesion studies
((Hornak J, Bramham J, Rolls ET, Morris RG, O’Doherty J,
Bullock PR, et al: Changes in emotion after circumscribed
surgical lesions of the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices.
Brain 126:1691–1712, 2003))
((Nakayama N, Okumura A, Shinoda J, Nakashima T, Iwama
T: Relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and
consciousness disturbance in traumatic diffuse brain injury
without large focal lesions: an FDG-PET study with statistical 
parametric mapping analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
77:856–862, 2006)),
and electrophysiological stimulation studies with implanted electrodes
((Kawasaki H, Adolphs R, Oya H, Kovach C, Damasio H, Kaufman
O, et al: Analysis of single-unit responses to emotional
scenes in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. J Cogn Neurosci
17:1509–1518, 2005))
((Sperli F, Spinelli L, Pollo C, Seeck M: Contralateral smile and
laughter, but no mirth, induced by electrical stimulation of the
cingulate cortex. Epilepsia 47:440–443, 2006))
((Tankus A, Yeshurun Y, Flash T, Fried I: Encoding of speed
and direction of movement in the human supplementary motor
area. J Neurosurg 110:685–695, 2009)).