Chromosome [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Chromosome ======

Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures within the nucleus of human cells that contain [[genetic information]] in the form of [[DNA]]. Each chromosome has a long arm (referred to as the q arm) and a short arm (referred to as the p arm), which are separated by a central region called the centromere.

A chromosome is packaged and organized [[chromatin]], a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of [[DNA]], protein, and [[RNA]]. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many [[gene]]s, regulatory elements, and other non-coding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA.
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There are two types of chromosomes: autosomes and sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes (X and Y) determine an individual's biological sex, while autosomes contain genes responsible for various traits and characteristics unrelated to sex determination.
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[[Chromosome 1]]

[[Chromosome 2]]

[[Chromosome 3]]

[[Chromosome 14]]

[[Chromosome 21]]