cancer_treatment [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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Cancer Treatment
Surgery
Physical removal of the tumor, often combined with other therapies in solid tumors.

Chemotherapy
Systemic administration of cytotoxic drugs that target rapidly dividing cells.
🔹 Examples: cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide.

Radiotherapy
Use of ionizing radiation to kill or damage cancer cells in a localized field.
🔹 Includes external beam radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, brachytherapy.

Immunotherapy
Activation or modulation of the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells.
🔹 Examples: checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4), CAR-T cells.

Targeted Therapy
Drugs designed to interfere with specific molecular targets involved in tumor growth or angiogenesis.
🔹 Examples: EGFR inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors (bevacizumab), BRAF inhibitors.

Hormonal Therapy
Used in hormone-sensitive cancers (e.g., breast, prostate) to block hormonal stimulation of tumor cells.
🔹 Examples: tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)
Used mainly in hematologic malignancies, often after high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy.