benzel_axis_body_fracture_classification [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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<wrap hi>**C2 Vertebral Body Fracture Classification (Benzel)**</wrap>

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The Benzel classification divides fractures of the C2 (axis) vertebral body into three types based on the fracture plane and the associated stability.
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<tab>🟩 Type I – Coronal Plane Fracture</tab>
  * Fracture line runs anterior to posterior.
  * Generally **stable**.
  * May include mild anterior compression.
  * Common treatment: **rigid cervical collar** or **halo vest**.

<tab>🟨 Type II – Sagittal Plane Fracture</tab>
  * Parasagittal fracture, often separating a **superior articular facet**.
  * Potentially **unstable**, especially if displaced or facet-involved.
  * May require **anterior C2–C3 fusion** or posterior instrumentation.

[[Benzel type 3 fracture]].




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**Classification Summary Table:**
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^ Type ^ Fracture Plane ^ Stability ^ Typical Treatment ^
| 🟩 I | Coronal | Stable | Rigid collar / Halo vest |
| 🟨 II | Sagittal | Potentially unstable | Surgery depending on displacement |
| 🟥 III | Horizontal | Unstable | Surgery |