Axis [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Axis ======

The second [[cervical vertebra]] (C2) of the [[spine]] is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus.

{{::axis.jpg?400|}}

Anatomy of axis (C2).

The [[pars interarticularis]] is located between the inferior and superior [[articular facet]]s (shown in solid blue). The pedicle (green cross-hatching) connects to the [[vertebral body]].

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It forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the [[atlas]]), which carries the head, rotates.

The most distinctive characteristic of this bone is the strong [[odontoid process]] known as the dens.

Apical, [[alar ligament]], and [[transverse ligament]]s provide further stabilization by allowing spinal column rotation; this prevents posterior displacement of the [[dens]] in relation to the [[atlas]].

===== Pathology =====


[[Odontoid fracture]]s:

The most common [[fracture]] of the [[axis]] and the most common [[cervical spine fracture]] in patients over 65. 

===== Axis fracture =====


see [[Axis fracture]].