Anterior communicating artery aneurysm endovascular treatment complications [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== Anterior communicating artery aneurysm endovascular treatment complications ======


[[Endovascular treatment]] is associated with a high rate of complete angiographic occlusion. However, the [[procedure]]-related permanent [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]] are not negligible for aneurysms in this location
((Fang S, Brinjikji W, Murad MH, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ, Lanzino G. Endovascular treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014 May;35(5):943-7. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3802. Epub 2013 Nov 28. PMID: 24287090; PMCID: PMC7964525.)).
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Delgado Acosta et al. from [[Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía]] aimed to report the characteristics of patients suffering intra- or peri-procedural ruptures during [[embolization]] of [[cerebral aneurysm]]s.

Between March [[1994]] and October [[2021]], 648 consecutive [[cerebral aneurysm]]s were treated by the [[endovascular]] [[procedure]]. [[Medical record]]s were [[review]]ed [[retrospective]]ly with emphasis on procedure description, potential [[risk factor]]s, and [[clinical outcome]]s related to intra- or peri-procedural rupture.

Of the 648 patients, 17 (2.6%) suffered an intra- or peri-procedural hemorrhagic event. The most common location was the [[anterior communicating artery]]. There was no significant difference between previously ruptured and [[unruptured aneurysm]]s in the incidence of [[bleeding]]. In four patients, bleeding was evident within 24 h after the procedure. The clinical evolution at three months was poor and only four patients presented a positive evolution. There were 11 deaths (64.71%). [[Balloon remodeling]] was associated with an increased frequency of ruptures, while [[stenting]] was a safer treatment.

[[Aneurysm rupture]] during [[endovascular therapy]] is unpredictable, and its occurrence can be devastating. The incidence is quite low although the outcome is frequently poor. Early detection and proper management, including prompt occlusion of the aneurysm, are important to achieve a positive outcome. [Anterior communicating artery aneurysms and those treated with [[balloon catheter]]s have a higher incidence of [[aneurysm rupture]]. A small number of ruptures of uncertain origin occur that go unnoticed in [[digital subtraction angiography]]
((Delgado Acosta F, Bravo Rey I, Jiménez Gómez E, Saucedo VR, Toledano A, Oteros Fernández R. Intra- or peri-procedural [[rupture]] in the [[endovascular treatment]] of [[intracranial aneurysm]]s. Acta Neurol Scand. 2022 Aug 17. doi: 10.1111/ane.13686. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35975464.))
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The immediate and long-term outcomes, complications, recurrences and the need for retreatment were analyzed in a series of 280 consecutive patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated with the endovascular technique. From October 1992 to October 2001 280 patients with 282 anterior communicating artery aneurysms were addressed to our center. For the analysis, the population was divided into two major groups: group 1, comprising 239 (85%) patients with ruptured aneurysms and group 2 comprising of 42 (15%) patients with unruptured aneurysms. In group 1, 185 (77.4%) patients had a good initial pre-treatment Hunt and Hess grade of I-III. Aneurysm size was divided into three categories according to the larger diameter: less than 4 mm, between 4 and 10 mm and larger than 10 mm. The sizes of aneurysms in groups 1 and 2 were identical but a less favorable neck to depth ratio of 0.5 was more frequent in group 2. Endovascular treatment was finally performed in 234 patients in group 1 and 34 patients in group 2. Complete obliteration was more frequently obtained in group 2 unlike a residual neck or opacification of the sac that were more frequently seen in group 1. No peri-treatment complications were recorded in group 2. In group 1 the peri-treatment mortality and overall peri-treatment morbidity were 5.1% and 8.1% respectively. Eight patients (3.4%) in group 1 presented early post treatment rebleeding with a mortality of 88%. The mean time to follow-up was 3.09 years. In group 1, 51 (21.7%) recurrences occurred of which 14 were minor and 37 major. In group 2, eight (23.5%) recurrences occurred, five minor and three major. Two patients (0.8%) presented late rebleeding in group 1. Twenty-seven second endovascular retreatments were performed, 24 (10.2%) in group 1 and three (8.8%) in group 2, seven third endovascular retreatments and two surgical clippings in group 1 only. There was no additional morbidity related to retreatments. Endovascular treatment is an effective method for the treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysms allowing late rebleeding prevention. Peri-treatment rebleeding warrants caution in anticoagulation management. This is a single center experience and the follow-up period is limited. Patients should be followed-up in the long-term as recurrences may occur and warrant additional treatment
((Finitsis S, Anxionnat R, Lebedinsky A, Albuquerque PC, Clayton MF, Picard L, Bracard S. Endovascular treatment of ACom intracranial aneurysms. Report on series of 280 patients. Interv Neuroradiol. 2010 Mar;16(1):7-16. doi: 10.1177/159101991001600101. Epub 2010 Mar 25. PMID: 20377974; PMCID: PMC3277962.)).

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Prolonged [[anterograde amnesia]] and [[disorientation]] after anterior communicating artery aneurysm [[coil]] [[embolization]]
((Al-Atrache Z, Friedler B, Shaikh HA, Kavi T. Prolonged anterograde amnesia and
disorientation after anterior communicating artery aneurysm coil embolisation.
BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Jul 30;12(7). pii: e230543. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230543.
PubMed PMID: 31366616.
))
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[[LVIS stent]]-assisted coiling for ruptured wide-necked ACoA aneurysms was safe and effective, with a relatively low rate of perioperative complications and a high rate of complete occlusion at follow-up
((Xue G, Liu P, Xu F, Fang Y, Li Q, Hong B, Xu Y, Liu J, Huang Q. Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Wide-Necked Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Using a Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) Device. Front Neurol. 2021 Jan 28;11:611875. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.611875. PMID: 33584512; PMCID: PMC7876256.))